E rima ngā hua o te whakamātautau hiri wera puta noa i ngā kōwhiringa paninga e toru
I kohia ngā hua whakamātautau e rima i raro nei i runga i tētahi raina ipu whakaputa i tētahi mira hoa Bincheng i waenga i te tau 2024 ki te 2025. I whakamahia e ngā tauira katoa te papa turanga penupenu rakau wahine 280 gsm kotahi; ko te paninga anake i rerekē. I inehia te kaha o te hiri wera i te pāmahana hiri 150°C, te pēhanga hiri 0.3 MPa, me te wā noho 1.5 hēkona, koinei te matapihi whakahaere paerewa mō ngā raina hanga kapu tere-waenga.
| Āhua Whakamātautau | PE Kotahi-Taha Panipani | PLA Taha-Rua Paninga | Piripiri Kore-Pania + Hiri-Matao |
|---|---|---|---|
| Te kaha o te hiri wera i te 150°C (N/15mm) | 8.5 | 5.2 | 3.1 (piripiri hiri-makariri anake) |
| Te pāmahana pakaru o te hiri (°C) | 118 | 96 | 82 (pūwāhi whakangawari piri) |
| Te wā pupuri wai wera i te 95°C (meneti) | 45 | 28 | 12 |
| COF (tauwehenga waku, paninga-ki-paninga) | 0.32 | 0.41 | 0.55 (muka-ki-muka) |
| Utu mō ia m² (taupū whanaunga, kāore i pania = 100) | 118 | 158 | 100 |
E whakaatu mārama ana te huinga raraunga i te taupatupatu matua. Ko te ipu kapu pania taha-kotahi a te PE e homai ana te kaha hiri wera teitei rawa atu me te wā pupuri wai wera roa rawa atu, engari ko te mea kino rawa atu mō te pirau koiora. Ko te pania taha-rua a te PLA e homai ana he hiri wera e taea ai te whakamahi mō te nuinga o ngā tono inu wera, me te wā pupuri wera o te 28 meneti e kapi ana i te matapihi inu kawhe 15 ki te 25 meneti noa. Ko te ipu kapu kāore i pania me te piri hiri-matao te mea iti rawa te utu me te pirau koiora, engari ka ngawari te piri hiri-matao i te 82°C, e kore ai e pai mō tetahi inu wera i runga ake i te 75°C. Ko te tikanga whakamātautau hiri wera kei muri i ēnei uara kua tuhia ki roto i teTohutoro kaha hiri wera Intertek ASTM F1921.
He mea nui te tau COF mō te whai huatanga o te raina hanga kapu. Ko te papa pania-PE te mea iti rawa te COF, arā, ko te whāngai pātea tere rawa atu me te tere whakakī iti rawa i runga i ngā mīhini hanga kapu tere-teitei. He nui ake te COF o te papa pania-PLA, e hiahiatia ana kia whakaitihia te tere raina mā te 10 ki te 15 ōrau hei pupuri i te kounga o te hiri. Ko te papa kāore i pania te mea teitei rawa te COF, ā, ko te pupuri muka-ki-muka te tikanga me tere ngā mīhini i ngā tere iti ake.
He aha ngā rerekētanga o ngā taunakitanga pirau koiora i waenga i te PE me te PLA
Ko te whakataurite i te pirau koiora i waenga i te PE me te PLA tētahi o ngā meka tino hē te whakaatu i roto i te umanga ipu kapu. He mārama ngā taunakitanga pūtaiao, engari kāore te reo hokohoko e pā ana ki tēnā. E whakaatu ana tēnei wāhanga i ngā huinga raraunga e toru e whakaatu ana i te whanonga mutunga-ora o ia kōwhiringa paninga.
Ko te huinga raraunga tuatahi ko te whakakoi oneone ā-ahumahi i raro i ngā tikanga EN 13432 (58°C, 55 ōrau te haumākū, te taiao moroiti whakahaeretia), e whakarāpopototia ana i roto i tePepa papamuri mō ngā kirihou koiora Pākehā EN 13432 (PDF). E whakaatu ana te paninga PE i raro iho i te 2 ōrau o te whakakohuketanga i muri i ngā rā 90, ā, e kore e tutuki i te paepae EN 13432 o te 90 ōrau o te whakakohuketanga i roto i ngā rā 180. E whakaatu ana te paninga PLA i te 87 ōrau o te whakakohuketanga i muri i ngā rā 90 i raro i ngā tikanga ōrite, ā, e hipa ana i te paepae. E whakaatu ana te ipu kākahu kāore i pania i te 96 ōrau o te whakakohuketanga i muri i ngā rā 60 nā te mea he pirau-koiora katoa te papa muka.
Ko te huinga raraunga tuarua ko te pirau koiora moana, he mea nui mō ngā rohe ka mutu pea ngā kapu ki ngā awa o te takutai. Kāore he pirau ine a te PE i muri i ngā marama 12 i roto i te wai moana. E whakaatu ana te PLA i te 14 ōrau o te kohuketanga i muri i ngā marama 12, he puhoi engari ehara i te kore. E whakaatu ana te ipu kapu kāore i pania i te 78 ōrau o te kohuketanga i muri i ngā marama 6 i roto i te wai moana, me te tere ake o te pakaru o te muka i te whakakoi wai ahumahi nā te mea ka tere ake te horapa o te muka e te mahi miihini a ngā ngaru.
Ko te tuatoru o ngā huinga raraunga ko te pirau o te oneone i roto i te āhuarangi mahana. E whakaatu ana te PE i raro iho i te 1 ōrau te pirau i muri i te 24 marama. E whakaatu ana te PLA i te 41 ōrau i muri i te 24 marama, he puhoi engari he pumau. E whakaatu ana te ipu kākahu kore paninga i te 91 ōrau i muri i te 12 marama. Ko te mea nui ko te taunakitanga pirau koiora e tino whakawhirinaki ana ki te taiao tuku para. Ko teHe tirohanga whānui mō ngā paerewa whakapūkara a te British Plastics Federatione whakarato ana i te mahere ture i waenga i te whakakoi wairākau ahumahi EN 13432, ngā tiwhikete whakakoi wairākau kāinga, me ngā tikanga whakamātautau pirau koiora e whai ake nei., ā, me whai i ngā wā katoa te kereme hokohoko o te "pirau koiora" ki te taiao me te pae wā motuhake.
Mō ngā kaihanga kapu kawhe e hoko ana ki te mākete o te EU, ko te ture e tika ana ko te One-Use Plastics Directive (SUP) 2019/904, e kī ana me whai hoahoa taupoki here ngā kapu kirihou katoa i mua i te tau 2025, me hanga rānei mai i tētahi rauemi e eke ana ki te EN 13432 industrial composting, e ai ki ngā kōrero taipitopito i roto i teKuputuhi mana o te EUR-Lex mō te SUP Directive 2019/904Kāore ngā kapu pania-PE i tēnei whakaritenga; kāore ngā kapu pania-PLA me ngā kapu kāore i pania i tēnei whakaritenga. Koinei te pūwāhi matua ture i akiaki i te nuinga o te tangohanga PLA a Ūropi mai i te tau 2021.
Te Mahi Pāmahana: Te Wāhi e Angitu ai, e Hē ai rānei ia Kōwhiringa Paninga
Ko te pāmahana te kaupapa matua e whakatau ana ko tēhea paninga e pai ana mō tēhea tono. He rerekē ngā matapihi pāmahana o ngā kōwhiringa paninga e toru, ā, ko te whiriwhiri i te mea hē te hapa hoko tino kitea kua tuhia ki ngā raraunga whakamātautau.
Ko te kapu kua pania ki te PE he mea whakarite mō ngā inu wera tae atu ki te 95°C me te kore e pakaru te hiri, ā, he pumau tae atu ki te 118°C mō ngā wā pa poto. Ka kapi katoa tēnei i ngā whakamahinga kawhe, tī, me te tiakarete wera paerewa. Ka mahi hoki te PE i te pito iti: ka noho ngāwari tonu i te -20°C, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga mō ngā kapu inu matao, ngā ipu aihikirīmi, me ngā takai kai tio. Ko te PE te paninga tino maha ngā whakamahinga puta noa i ngā awhe pāmahana.
Ko te kapu kua pania ki te PLA he mea whakatau mō ngā inu wera tae atu ki te 90°C me te kore e pakaru te hiri mō ngā meneti 25 tuatahi, me te whakangawari haere i tua atu i tēnā. Kāore te PLA i whakatauria mō te whakamahi i runga ake i te 95°C, ā, ka rerekē te āhua i roto i ngā āhuatanga autoclave. I te pito iti, ka pakarukaru te PLA i raro iho i te 5°C, ā, kāore e pai mō ngā tono kai tio. He whaiti te matapihi pāmahana PLA: ko ngā inu mahana anake, kaua rawa he wai wera i runga ake i te 90°C mō ngā wā roa, ā, kaua e whakamahia ki te tio, ki te pouaka whakamātao rānei.
Ka mahi noa te kapu kākahu kāore i pania ki te piri hiri-makariri tae noa ki te 75°C, ā, he poto noa iho te wā e pā ana. I runga ake i te 75°C, ka ngawari te piri hiri-makariri, ā, ka tīmata te pakaru o te pakitara kapu. He pai te mahi a te kapu kākahu kāore i pania mō ngā inu makariri, te aihikirīmi, me ngā kai maroke. Kāore e pai mō tētahi whakamahinga inu wera. Nā te whaiti o te matapihi pāmahana, he mea motuhake te kapu kākahu kāore i pania, kaua ki te kapu whānui.
Mō ngā kaihanga e whakaputa ana i ngā momo kapu maha mai i te raina whakaputa kotahi, ko te tikanga mahi ko te whirihora i te raina mō te awhe pāmahana o te mākete ūnga. Ko te raina kua arotauhia mō ngā kapu kua pania ki te PE ka whakaputa i ngā kapu kua pania ki te PLA kāore i te pai nā te mea he rerekē te matapihi pāmahana hiri, ā, he rerekē anō hoki. Ko te whakaranu i ngā mea e rua i te raina kotahi me huri i te 30 ki te 45 meneti me te whakatikatika i te whakataurite.
Hototahi Tukanga: Ngā Raina Hiri-Wera me ngā Tere Hanga-Kapu
Ko te hototahitanga o ngā raina hanga-kapu te tuarua o ngā paearu hoko e warewarehia ana i muri i te pirau koiora. He rerekē ngā matapihi pāmahana hiri wera o te PE, PLA, me te ipu kapu kāore i pania, he rerekē ngā uara COF, me ngā tairongo makuku. Me whakarite te tere raina me te pāmahana hiri ki te whiringa paninga, ā, ko te whakaritenga hē te pūtake o te nuinga o ngā rahunga hiri mara.
Ka hiritia te ipu kapu kua pania ki te PE i roto i te matapihi pāmahana whānui o te 140 ki te 175°C, e hoatu ana ki ngā kaiwhakahaere he ārai whakahāngai 35-tohu. He iti rawa te COF o te 0.32 kia taea ai e ngā raina hanga kapu te oma i te 180 ki te 220 kapu ia meneti me te kore e aukati. Ko te nuinga o ngā raina hanga kapu o Ūropi me Amerika Te Raki kua whakaritea mō te papa kua pania ki te PE i te taunoa. Ka hiritia te ipu kapu kua pania ki te PLA i roto i te matapihi whaiti ake o te 145 ki te 165°C, me te ārai whakahāngai 20-tohu. Ko te COF o te 0.41 te tikanga me oma ngā raina i te 150 ki te 180 kapu ia meneti hei karo i ngā raruraru whāngai.
Kāore e taea te hiri wera i te ipu kākahu kāore i pania; me pania he piripiri hiri-matao ki te hononga i te wā e hanga ana i te kapu. Ko te tere o te hiri-matao o ngā raina 120 ki te 140 kapu ia meneti. Ka tāpirihia e te piripiri te 4 ki te 6 ōrau ki te utu rauemi, ā, me whai teihana whakapiri motuhake ki te raina hanga kapu. Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere kua taunga ki ngā raina hiri-wera he maha ngā wā ka raru ki te ōritetanga o te piripiri hiri-matao i roto i ngā marama tuatahi e toru ki te ono o te mahi.
Mō ngā tīma hokohoko kua whakahaere kē i tētahi raina hanga kapu, me tīmata te kōwhiringa paninga me te kaha o te raina. Mō ngā kaihoko e hanga ana i tētahi raina hou, he whakatau rautaki te kōwhiringa paninga e whakatau ana i te mākete ūnga. Ka uaua te hanga hua PLA pono mō tētahi raina kua arotauhia mō te PE, ā, ka uaua hoki. Koinei te take whakahaere e whakapau kaha ai te nuinga o ngā kaihanga kapu ki tētahi momo paninga kotahi mō te toru tau pea i mua i te whakaaro ki te whakawhiti.
Te Tūturutanga o te Mekameka Tukunga Paninga PLA i te tau 2026
Ko te pumau o te mekameka tuku paninga PLA te tuatoru o ngā paearu hoko e warewarehia ana. He iti noa ngā kaihanga o te ao e ahu mai ana te kapia PLA, ā, nā te whakararuraru o te tuku i te tau 2022 me te 2024 i nui ai te pikinga o te utu o ngā ipu PLA. Ko ngā tīma hoko kāore i whakaaro ki te mōrearea o te mekameka tuku i mauheretia e te pikinga utu 30 ki te 60 ōrau i runga i ngā kirimana maha-tau.
Ko te nuinga o ngā kaihanga PLA e hangaia ana mai i te māngaro kānga, ā, ko ngā kaihanga nui e kohikohi ana i te United States (NatureWorks), Thailand (he maha ngā kamupene mahi tahi), me Haina (he maha ngā kaihanga o te rohe tae atu ki a Hisun me Kingfa). He nui ake te kohikohinga o te mekameka tuku i te PE, e hangaia ana mai i te pakaru matū hinu puta noa i ngā rau o ngā kaihanga o te ao. Ko te tikanga o te kohikohinga he nui ake te aro o te utu PLA ki ngā hua o te hua, te kaupapa here pūngao i ngā whenua whakaputa, me ngā tari hokohoko.
Mō ngā kaihoko e arotake ana i ngā ipu PLA i te tau 2026, e toru ngā āhuatanga mōrearea o te mekameka tuku. Tuatahi, te mōrearea o te kaiwhakarato kotahi: ko te nuinga o ngā raina ipu PLA he mea whirihora mō te kotahi te taumata kapia PLA mai i te kaihanga kotahi. Me whakahou anō te matapihi hiri wera mō te whakawhiti kaihanga, e toru ki te ono marama te roa. Tuarua, te mōrearea kawe: He waikore te kapia PLA, ā, me tuku i roto i ngā ipu hiri me te whakamaroke; ka pakaru te kapia i te wā roa o te kawe. Tuatoru, te whakaraeraetanga utu ā-mua: Ko ngā utu kapia PLA kei waenga i te $2.20 ki te $3.80 ia kg i ngā tau e toru kua hipa, ki te whakataurite ki te PE i te $1.10 ki te $1.60 ia kg.
Ko te taunakitanga whaihua ko te hoko ipu PLA me whakauru tonu he tohu mātauranga maha-kaituku, ahakoa kotahi anake te kaiwhakarato e whakamahia ana. Ko te utu mō te mahi tohu mātauranga he $8,000 ki te $15,000 i roto i te wā taiwhanga, engari ka utua tonutia ina raru te kaiwhakarato matua i te tuku tuatahi.
Radar Kōwhiringa Ahu-Ono: PE vs PLA vs Kāore i Panihia
E whakarāpopoto ana te tūtohi radar i raro nei i te mahi ōrite o ia kōwhiringa paninga puta noa i ngā āhuatanga hoko e ono. Ka tohua ia āhuatanga i runga i te tauine 1 ki te 5, ko te 5 te mahi pai rawa atu mō tētahi kaihanga kapu kawhe noa. I ahu mai ngā kaute i ngā raraunga whakamātautau, i ngā huinga raraunga pirau koiora, me te tātari mekameka tuku i runga ake nei.
| Ahu | PE Kotahi-Taha Panipani | PLA Taha-Rua Paninga | Kāore i pania + Hiri-Matao |
|---|---|---|---|
| Te kaha o te hiri wera | 5 | 4 | 2 |
| Te roa o te pupuri i te wai wera | 5 | 3 | 1 |
| Te pirau o te koiora | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| Te tutuki i ngā ture (EU SUP) | 2 | 5 | 5 |
| Hototahi tukanga (tere hanga kapu) | 5 | 4 | 3 |
| Te pumau o te utu | 5 | 3 | 5 |
| Kaute whakakotahi (tapeke) | 23/30 | 23/30 | 21/30 |
He ōrite te whiwhinga a te PE me te PLA i runga i te radar hiato (23 i roto i te 30), engari he rerekē ngā āhuatanga e toa ai rāua. Ka toa te PE i runga i te hiri wera, te wā pupuri wai wera, te hototahitanga o ngā tukanga, me te pumau o te utu. Ka toa te PLA i runga i te pirau koiora me te tutuki i ngā ture a te EU SUP. E 21 i roto i te 30 ngā whiwhinga a te ipu kore paninga, ā, he whakataetae anake i runga i te pirau koiora, te tutuki i ngā ture, me te utu.
Mō te kaihanga e hoko ana ki tētahi mākete e pā ana te EU SUP Directive, ā, ko te kaihoko whāinga e whakatairanga ana i te āheinga whakapūkara, ko te PLA te mea teitei rawa atu mō ngā āhuatanga ture me te oranga tonutanga, ā, koinei te kōwhiringa tika. Mō te kaihanga e hoko ana ki tētahi mākete e nui ana te utu, ā, kāore anō kia whakahaeretia te āheinga whakapūkara, ko te PE te mea teitei rawa atu mō ngā āhuatanga whakahaere, ā, koinei te kōwhiringa tika. Ko te ipu kākano kāore i pania te kōwhiringa tika mō tētahi hua inu matao motuhake, kai maroke rānei, ina kore e pā te mahi wai wera. Ko ngā āhuatanga miihini me te waku kei muri i ēnei kaute kua tuhia ki roto i te arotake-a-hoa.Rangahau hanga kapu pepa a te NC State BioResources.
Mō ngā kaihoko e rapu ana i te papa turanga mō tētahi o ngā kōwhiringa paninga e toru, ko tePutumōhio pepa ahumahi o BinchengE kapi ana i te whānuitanga o ngā whiringa paparanga mai i te ipu rakau hou ki te papa hangarua. E 20 tau a Bincheng e tuku ana i te pepa turanga ipu ki ngā kaihanga kapu kawhe puta noa i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, Ūropi, me te Waenganui Rawhiti.
Tauira Whakatakotoranga Hokonga mō ngā Kaihanga Kapu Kawhe
Ko te tauira whakaritenga āpure e whitu i raro nei te iti rawa e hiahiatia ana mō tētahi RFQ e whakaputa ana i tētahi whakatau utu rite puta noa i ngā kōwhiringa paninga e toru. Mā te tuku i tēnei tauira me te RFQ ka taea e ngā kaiwhakarato ipu kapu te whakatau utu i runga i te kaupapa ōrite, koinei te tūāpapa o tētahi whakataurite utu whai tikanga.
- Taumaha papa turanga:te GSM ūnga me te awhe e whakaaetia ana (hei tauira, 280 GSM ± 5 ōrau).
- Momo paninga:PE taha-kotahi, PLA taha-rua, hiri-mātao kore paninga +, PLA taha-kotahi rānei.
- Te iti rawa o te kaha o te hiri wera:N/15mm i te pāmahana hiri kua tohua.
- Te wā iti rawa mō te pupuri i te wai wera:meneti i te 95°C.
- Te whakaritenga mō te mutunga o te ora:te whakawairakau ahumahi e ai ki te EN 13432, te pirau koiora moana, te pirau koiora oneone, kāore rānei.
- Horopaki ture:Te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga a te EU SUP Directive, te FDA 21 CFR 176 mō ngā mea e pā ana ki te kai, ngā mea e rua rānei.
- Ngā tawhā rārangi hanga-kapu:whāinga kapu ia meneti, matapihi pāmahana hiri, hōputu kapu o nāianei.
TeWhārangi mō mātou i BinchengE whakaatu ana i ngā tau 20 o te kamupene e tuku ana i ngā rōra matua me ngā rōra nunui ki ngā mākete pepa ā-whare, pepa ā-ahurea, me ngā pepa ahurea, me ngā tiwhikete kounga ISO, FDA, me SGS. Ko Bincheng te kaihoko motuhake o APP, Bohui, me Sun i te mākete Haina, ā, ka taea e ia te tiki pepa turanga kapu i ngā utu whakataetae me ngā wā arahi pumau.
Mō ngā whakatau utu mō te pepa turanga kapu me ngā kōwhiringa paninga PE, PLA rānei, whakapā atu ki teRōpū hokohoko o Binchengtika. Ka whiwhi te nuinga o ngā RFQ i tētahi whakautu hangarau i roto i ngā hāora 24, me tētahi whakatau utu arumoni i roto i ngā hāora 48.
Ngā Pātai a te Kaihanga Kapu Kawhe: Te Kōwhiringa Paninga Kapu Kapu
He haumaru te paninga PLA mō te kawhe wera i runga ake i te 90°C?
Ko te kapu kawhe pania ki te PLA he mea whakarite mō ngā inu wera tae atu ki te 90°C mō te 25 meneti. I runga ake i te 90°C, ka ngawari te PLA, ā, ka tīmata te ngaro o te āhua o te hiri wera. Mō te kawhe tino wera e tukuna ana i runga ake i te 92°C, ko te paninga PE te kōwhiringa haumaru ake.
Ka taea te whakakoi i ngā kapu kua pania ki te PE ki roto i ngā tikanga ahumahi?
Kāore. Ka rahua te paninga PE i te paepae whakakoi ahumahi EN 13432 o te 90 ōrau o te whakakoitanga kohuke i roto i ngā rā 180. Ka taea te hangarua i ngā kapu paninga PE i roto i ngā awa hangarua pepa ina taea te wehe i te paparanga PE, e hiahia ana ki ngā whakaurunga motuhake kāore i te wātea whānuitia.
He aha te utu nui mō te ipu kapu PLA me te PE i te tau 2026?
I te tau 2026, tata ki te 30 ki te 50 ōrau te utu mō te kapu kawhe pania ki te PLA i te kapu kawhe pania ki te PE, i runga i te nui o ngā ota me te kaiwhakarato. Kua heke te utu mai i te tau 2022 nā te pikinga o te mekameka tuku PLA, engari he mea nui tonu mō ngā mahi kapu kawhe nui.
E pai ana te ipu kāpeti kāore i pania mō te kawhe wera?
Kāo. Ka whakamahia he piripiri hiri-makariri mō te ipu kākahu kāore i pania, ka whakangawari i te 82°C. Mēnā ka wera te kawhe i runga ake i te 75°C, ka pakaru te hononga o te kapu i roto i te 10 ki te 15 meneti. He pai te ipu kākahu kāore i pania mō ngā inu matao, te aihikirīmi, me ngā kai maroke anake.
Ko tēhea kōwhiringa paninga e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga o te EU SUP Directive?
E tutuki ana i te kapu pania-PLA me te kapu kore pania te whakaritenga mō te whakapūkara i raro i te EU SUP Directive. Kāore e tutuki i te kapu pania-PE te whakaritenga mēnā kāore i honoa ki te hoahoa taupoki here. Ko te kōwhiringa i waenga i te PLA me te kapu kore pania ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakaritenga pāmahana o te tono.
He aha te rerekētanga o te tere hanga-kapu i waenga i ngā paninga e toru?
Ko te ipu kapu kua pania ki te PE e tautoko ana i ngā tere raina tere rawa atu (180 ki te 220 kapu ia meneti) nā te iti o te tauwehenga o te waku. Ko te ipu kapu kua pania ki te PLA e hiahia ana ki te 10 ki te 15 ōrau te puhoi ake o te tere raina (150 ki te 180 kapu ia meneti). Ko te ipu kapu kāore i pania me te piri hiri-matao e hiahia ana ki ngā tere puhoi rawa (120 ki te 140 kapu ia meneti).
Ka taea te hangarua anō i te paninga PLA i roto i ngā awa pepa?
Kāore te paninga PLA e hototahi ki ngā awa hangarua pepa paerewa, he mea hanga mō te whakaora muka me te whakakore i ngā poke. Ka taea te whakawairakau i te PLA engari kāore e taea te hangarua i te tikanga tuku iho. Waihoki, ka whakakahoretia te paninga PE e ngā awa hangarua pepa paerewa.
He aha i nui ake ai te utu o te PLA i te PE i te tau 2026?
He nui ake te utu o te PLA nā te mea he iti noa ngā kaihanga motuhake e whakaputa ana i te kapia mai i ngā rauemi ahuwhenua (ko te māngaro kānga te nuinga), engari he rau ngā kaihanga nui e whakaputa ana i te PE mai i ngā rauemi hinu. Nā te nui o te PLA i roto i te mekameka tuku ka mau tonu te utu.
Ngā Tohutoro Ture Cupstock me te Whakamārama o te Mira
Ko ngā ture me ngā tohutoro hangarau i whakahuatia puta noa i tēnei aratohu — tae atu ki te paerewa whakapūkara EN 13432, te EU SUP Directive 2019/904, te ture whakapā kai FDA 21 CFR 176, te tikanga whakamātautau hiri wera ASTM F1921, me te pepa arotake-ā-hoa a NC State BioResources — kua honoa katoatia ki roto i te wāhanga e tika ana i runga ake nei, me ngā ripanga raraunga me te radar kōwhiringa.
Ko te whārangi tohutoro mō te papa pepa kai, e whakamahia ana puta noa i tēnei aratohu, ko tePutumōhio papa pepa kai BinchengKo te whānuitanga o ngā pepa ahumahi, tae atu ki te pepa turanga kapu, te papa pania PE, me ngā papa pania PLA, kua tuhia ki runga i teWhārangi pepa ahumahi o Bincheng.
Mō te kaituhi: Ko Liam te Kaiwhakahaere Hoko Kaweake i Ningbo Bincheng Packaging Materials Co., Ltd., me te 20 tau o te wheako ki te whānuitanga ahumahi pepa. Hono atu kiPukamata, YouTube, rāneiLinkedInMō ngā utu mō te papa pepa kai me te paninga PE, PLA rānei, whakapā atu ki teRōpū hokohoko o Bincheng.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-07-2026