Na shafe shekaru goma sha huɗu ina harkar fitar da takardu, kuma tambayar da nake yawan ji daga ƙungiyoyin siyan littattafai na Turai ba ita ce "menene farashin ku ba." Ita ce "shin takardar ku za ta iya aiki a Heidelbergs ɗinmu ba tare da wani bala'i ba?" Kamfanonin buga littattafai na Turai ba sa sayen takarda kamar yadda 'yan kasuwa ke siyan ɓaure. Suna siyan ta ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na samar da bugu - takardar dole ne ta tsira daga injin buga littattafai na 60,000-rpm ba tare da yagewa ba, sannan ta zauna a ƙarƙashin faranti masu layi 400 a kan wani mai kama da takarda don ɓangaren murfin bugu ɗaya. Ina aiki a Ningbo Bincheng Packaging Materials Co., Ltd., kuma tsawon shekaru na aika ƙwarewa ta musamman.Kayayyakin takarda masu rufi a cikin matakan bugawa da bugawaga firintocin Jamus, Birtaniya, Faransa, da Netherlands. Shawarwarin zaɓen da waɗannan firintocin suka yanke sun bi wata dabara da ta keɓance ga kowane aiki. Wannan labarin yana tafiya cikin yanayi uku na ainihi na samarwa waɗanda na tattauna da kaina da masu siyan firintocin Turai, kowannensu yana nuna hanyar zaɓin takarda daban-daban ta cikin rukunin offset mai rufi.

Yanayi na Ɗaya: Littafin Fasaha na Jamusanci Mai Tauri — Dalilin da yasa aka yi wa fenti mai kauri ya doke Natural Offset don Gudun Launi Huɗu da Duotone mai shafuka 320

A bara wani mai siyan bugu daga wani gidan buga littattafai na Jamus mai matsakaicin girma ya kira ni ina neman takarda don zane mai shafuka 320. Littafin ya ƙunshi shafuka 200 na faranti huɗu masu launi - zane-zane daga tarin mutum ɗaya - tare da shafuka 80 na ɗaukar hoto na duotone da aka buga a kan wannan kayan. Sauran shafuka sune ma'aunin gaba da taken a launi ɗaya. Firintar ta ƙayyade takardar 90 gsm kuma mai buga ta yana son saman da aka rufe don aikin launi amma yanayin halitta, wanda ba a rufe shi ba don sassan rubutu. Wannan rikici ne da nake gani akai-akai: takardar takarda ɗaya dole ne ta ɗauki launi mai ƙuduri mai girma da rubutu mai iya karantawa a kan sa hannu ɗaya. Zaɓin da aka saba yi zai zama takardar 90 gsm ta halitta - ma'aunin masana'antu don buga littattafai na Turai. Amma takardar offset ta halitta, tare da mafi girman porosity da ƙarancin riƙe tawada, zai buƙaci a daidaita faranti duotone don samun digo na 18-22%, kuma faranti huɗu masu launi za su rasa cikakkun bayanai na inuwa da darektan samarwa na mai buga ta musamman yake so. Madadin shine fenti mai rufi mai girman gsm 90 tare da kammala satin da kuma hasken ISO na 88-90%. Saman da aka rufe yana riƙe da tawada a saman takardar maimakon barin ta shiga cikin zare, don haka ribar digo akan duotones ya ragu zuwa 12-15%, kuma bayanin inuwa a cikin faranti masu launi huɗu ya kasance daidai a cikin cikakken kewayon sautin. Na ambaci fenti mai rufi da satin a kusan kashi 12% fiye da kowace tan fiye da madadin cirewa na halitta. Mai bugawa ya amince da shi - ba saboda kasafin kuɗi ba shi da iyaka, amma saboda ƙayyadaddun takarda shine shigarwa kai tsaye ga matsayin farashin littafin. Littafin zane na €65 zai iya ɗaukar ƙarin farashin takarda wanda sabon littafin €25 ba zai iya ba. Ina ambaton wannan yanayin sau da yawa lokacin da nake magana da masu siyan Turai game da mu.Nau'in takarda mai rufi na musamman, domin darasin ya wuce littattafan fasaha. Duk wani wallafe-wallafen da ya haɗa launuka masu ƙuduri mai girma tare da ƙarin karatu - kasidu na gallery, zane-zane, da kuma hotunan shekara-shekara - yana fuskantar irin wannan rikici na takarda. Ma'aunin da aka rufe a 90-100 gsm yana warware shi ba tare da tilasta firintar ta gudanar da takardu daban-daban guda biyu ta hanyar sa hannu ɗaya ba. Ina gaya wa masu siye na cewa idan ina ba wa mai bugawa shawara ya samar da wani abu da ya fi kashi 60% na abun ciki mai cikakken launi a kan wani abu mai rufi, zan fara da haske na satin C2S mai haske 88% kuma in daidaita sama ko ƙasa daga nan bisa ga gwajin manema labarai. Wannan shawarar guda ɗaya ta ceci aƙalla masu siye uku daga yin odar takarda da ta yi kama da daidai a cikin samfurin littafin amma an buga ta ba daidai ba a kan injin bugawa.

Yanayi na Biyu: Mujallar Burtaniya ta Mako-mako — Takardar da aka Rufe a Yanar Gizo mai Kwafi 50,000 da Tasirin Gudun

Samar da mujallu na mako-mako wata duniya ce daban da buga littattafai, kuma ina gaya wa kowane mai siyan mujallu wannan a gaba. Firintar tana gudanar da aikin a kan injin buga littattafai na yanar gizo a kwafi 40,000–60,000 a kowace awa, tana naɗewa a layi, kuma dole ne takardar ta jure matsin lamba na tsohon allon, na'urorin ninkaya, da kuma naɗewar chopper ba tare da tangarda ko tsagewa ba. Na ga takarda da ta yi kyau a cikin samfurin littafin ta haifar da raguwar yanar gizo sau uku a kowane aiki, kuma na kalli manajan ɗakin buga littattafai ya ƙi shi nan take ba tare da la'akari da rangwamen farashin da aka bayar ba. Lokacin da wata ƙungiyar mawallafa ta Burtaniya ta nemi in yi ƙiyasin mujallar salon rayuwarsu ta wata-wata - shafuka 104, kwafi 50,000 a kowace fitowa, da kuma bugun yanar gizo na heatset akan takardar 72 gsm mai rufi - darektan sayayya yana da ƙayyadaddun bayanai guda uku waɗanda suka fi muhimmanci fiye da farashi. Da farko, ƙarfin taurin takardar a cikin na'urar: don takardar 72 gsm da ke gudana a rpm 45,000 akan Manroland Lithoman, ina buƙatar ƙaramin ƙarfin MD na 45 N·m/g don hana karyewar yanar gizo a tsohon allon. Na biyu, yawan danshi a cikin reel ɗin ya yi daidai: idan danshi ya bambanta da fiye da 0.5% a faɗin yanar gizon, rajistar za ta yi yawo tsakanin na'urorin bugawa na farko da na ƙarshe, kuma hotunan launuka huɗu a kan murfin gaba na ciki za su nuna kuskuren rajista wanda mai karatu zai lura. Na uku, rashin kyawun Parker Print-Surf (PPS): don takardar da aka rufe akan gidan yanar gizo mai zafi, ina ba da shawarar PPS na 1.2–1.6 µm (matsakaicin maki 10). Ƙasa da µm, takardar ta yi santsi sosai kuma bushewar tawada da aka zuba a takardar ya zama matsala; sama da µm, kaifi na halftone yana raguwa sosai a allon layi 150.Allon zane mai ƙarancin carbon mai rufi na C2S, wanda aka samar a cikin kewayon 72 gsm zuwa 400 gsm, ya cika waɗannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai ta hanyar sarrafa ƙarfin injina a cikin tsarin yin takarda. Na aika da rahoton gwajin injina wanda ke nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin MD na 47 N·m/g da bambancin giciye-alƙawari na ƙasa da 3% - duka a cikin jurewar da firintar ta ƙayyade. Na farko samar da tan 28 da aka aika daga Ningbo zuwa Felixstowe a cikin lokacin jagora na kwanaki 35, kuma firintar ta ba da rahoton babu fashewar yanar gizo a cikin bugun kwafi 50,000. Wannan matakin aiki shine yadda nake adana asusun mujallu, kuma shine dalilin da yasa koyaushe nake gaya wa sabbin masu siye na Turai su nemi gwajin reels kafin su yi alƙawarin yin odar girma.Allon takarda mai girman girma na C2Skewayon yana ba da rabo daban-daban na tauri-da-nauyi wanda ya dace da murfin mujallu da abubuwan saka kati.

Yanayi na Uku: Littafin Faransanci na Musamman - Allon Murfi da Rubutu Mai Daidaita don Dacewa da Kammalawa

Yanayi na uku da na fi fuskanta shi ne ƙasidar da aka fi amfani da ita ko rahoton shekara-shekara inda murfin da shafukan rubutu ake bugawa a kan wasu abubuwa daban-daban amma dole ne a yi aikin gamawa iri ɗaya - naɗewa, ƙarawa, ɗaurewa, da kuma wani lokacin manne foil ko shafa UV. Wani firintar marufi ta alfarma ta Faransa ta taɓa nuna min samfurin ƙasidar inda murfin allon C1S ya lalace a kan kashin baya bayan an buga foil, saboda nauyin murfin da ke gefen baya bai isa ya magance matsin injin na murfin foil mai zafi ba. Murfin allon C1S ne na gsm 350 gsm, kuma rubutun ya kasance mai rufi na gsm 150 gsm C2S. Rashin daidaiton ba ya cikin tsarin rubutu ba amma a cikin tsarin shafi. Lokacin da firintar ɗaya ta zo wurina don maye gurbin takamaiman bayani, na bi ta cikin buƙatun kammalawa mataki-mataki. Don buga foil a kan murfin, na ba da shawarar allon zane na C2S 300 gsm tare da aƙalla murfin gsm 20 a kowane gefe - isasshen riƙewa don ɗaukar foil mai zafi ba tare da cirewa ba. Ga shafukan rubutu - shafuka 24 na ɗaukar hoto mai launuka huɗu tare da hasken UV mai haske akan hotuna da aka zaɓa - Na ba da shawarar a yi amfani da murfin C2S mai 130 gsm tare da ƙarewar haske da santsi na Bekk na daƙiƙa 800–1,200. Na yi bayani cewa ƙarewar haske a shafukan rubutu zai ɗauki hasken UV mai haske ba tare da ɓarna ba, kuma ginin C2S yana nufin ɓangarorin biyu suna da kuzarin saman don mannewa na UV. Na kuma ƙayyade cewa takardu biyu ya kamata su raba sinadarai iri ɗaya na launi - calcium carbonate da aka niƙa zuwa rarrabawar girman barbashi iri ɗaya - don haka fenti na UV zai warke a daidai ƙarfin a kan dukkan substrates. Na bi firintar makonni uku bayan isarwa kuma sun tabbatar sun gudanar da kwafi 15,000 ba tare da ƙin kammalawa ba. Wannan ra'ayin ya shiga kai tsaye cikin bayanan shawarwarin mai kaya na ga masu siyan Faransa da Belgium na gaba. Wannan yanayin shine inda na ga cewa firintocin Turai suna godiya ga mai kaya wanda ya fahimci iyakokin ƙarewa, ba kawai takamaiman takarda ba.allon zane na musammanTsarin ya haɗa da zaɓuɓɓukan C1S da C2S tare da nauyin rufewa mai sarrafawa, kuma ina ba da bayanan nauyin rufewa a cikin kowane ƙididdigewa don firintocin su iya tabbatar da daidaiton kammalawa kafin yin oda. Ga masu bugawa da ke bincika zaɓuɓɓukan takarda daban-daban don fayil ɗin bugawarsu, namunau'in takarda da kwafin takardaya ƙunshi madadin da ba a rufe ba don sassan rubutu masu nauyi inda kayan da aka rufe za su ƙara farashi mara amfani ga kowane naúra.

Dalilin da yasa Gidajen Buga Littattafai na Turai suka samo asali daga China

Ina jin tambayar akai-akai daga masu siyan Turai: me yasa ake shigo da takardar rufewa mai rufi daga Ningbo lokacin da masana'antar takarda a Finland, Jamus, da Sweden ke samar da maki mai rufi na duniya? Amsar tana da sassa uku, kuma ina ba da irin wannan bayanin a kowane lokaci. Na farko, fa'idar farashi: 90 gsm C2S mai rufi daga masana'antar masana'antar China, wacce aka kai DDP zuwa firinta a Leipzig ko Milan, tana zuwa da kashi 15-25% ƙasa da daidai gwargwado na masana'antar Turai, bisa ga lissafin farashin da na bayar tare da kowane ƙiyasin. Jirgin ruwa daga Ningbo zuwa Hamburg yana ƙara kusan €80-120 a kowace tan, kuma harajin shigo da kaya na EU a ƙarƙashin lambar HS 4810.29 shine 6.5% ad valorem. Masana'antar China suna samarwa a cikin dogon lokaci - tan 50-100 a kowace oda shine daidaitaccen tsari - wanda ke sa farashin masana'antu a kowace tan ya yi ƙasa da masana'antar masana'antar Turai waɗanda ke gudanar da tan 10-20 a kowane matsayi ɗaya. Na ga masu siyan buga takardu na Turai sun sauya daga takarda ta Jamus zuwa daidai darajarmu kuma suna adana €80 kowace tan a kan takarda kawai, wanda ga mujallar wata-wata da ke aiki tan 100 a kowace shekara yana nufin adana €8,000 a kowace shekara - wanda ya isa ya samar da kuɗin haɓaka aikin jarida cikin shekaru biyu. Na biyu, kewayon ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Masu yin takarda na China suna gudanar da rufewar rufewa daga 60 gsm har zuwa 400 gsm a cikin layin samfuri iri ɗaya, suna ba da duka tsarin reel da takarda. Ga mai bugawa wanda ke kula da fayil ɗin bugawa wanda ya haɗa da mujallar mai girman shafuka 64 (72 gsm mai rufi, ciyar da reel) da rahoton shekara-shekara na A4 mai shafuka 240 (150 gsm mai rufi, ciyar da takarda tare da murfin allo na gsm 300), mai samar da kayayyaki guda ɗaya wanda ya rufe dukkan kewayon grammage yana rage sarkakiyar siyan kayayyaki daga sarrafa masu samar da kayayyaki biyar zuwa ɗaya. Na uku, jigilar kayayyaki daga Ningbo. Na faɗi sau da yawa cewa wurinmu - kilomita 40 daga tashar ruwa mai zurfi ta Ningbo Beilun - shine mafi mahimmancin fa'idar aiki da Bincheng ke ba masu siye na Turai. Beilun ita ce tashar jiragen ruwa mafi cunkoso a duniya ta hanyar jigilar kaya mai yawa, tare da jigilar jiragen ruwa na mako-mako zuwa Hamburg, Rotterdam, Antwerp, da Felixstowe. Kwantena na takarda mai rufi da aka ɗora a ma'ajiyarmu a ranar Litinin na iya kasancewa a cikin jirgin ruwa kafin Juma'a kuma ya isa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Turai cikin kwanaki 28-32. Ga mawallafin Burtaniya ko Jamus da ke aiki zuwa ranar bugawa da aka ƙayyade, wannan hasashen jigilar kaya ya fi daraja fiye da rangwame na kowace tan na 'yan daloli.

Zaren da Aka Yi Amfani da Shi: Aikin Bugawa Kafin Farashi

A cikin dukkan yanayi uku — littafin fasaha, mujallar mako-mako, da kuma ƙasidar da ta fi dacewa — tsarin da na lura iri ɗaya ne: Kamfanonin buga littattafai na Turai suna zaɓar takardar da aka rufe da takarda mai laushi bisa ga buƙatun aikin bugawa, sannan su yi shawarwari kan farashi a cikin ƙungiyar masu samar da kayayyaki masu cancanta. Takardar da ta ci jarrabawar bugawa a kashi 90% na farashin injin niƙa na Turai ya fi kyau a saya fiye da takardar da ta wuce kashi 70% amma tana haifar da jinkiri wajen yin gyara. Kamar yadda takardar ta wuce kashi 70% amma take haifar da jinkiri wajen yin gyara.ISO 12647-2: Tsarin bugu da rarrabawayana bayyanannun halayen saman takarda masu daidaito - haske, haske, sheƙi, da santsi - sune abubuwan da ake buƙata don sake fasalin launi, kuma mai samar da kayayyaki wanda ba zai iya yin rikodin waɗannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai bisa ga juriyar ISO ba ya cikin tattaunawar samowa ba komai farashi. Abokan cinikinmu na yau da kullun, tsawon shekaru goma na hidimar firintocin Turai, su ne waɗanda suka gwada takardarmu da injinan bugawa na kansu, suka tabbatar da ingancin aiki, sannan suka gina tattaunawar farashi a kan ingantaccen dacewa ta fasaha. Idan gidan buga littattafai ko ƙungiyar samar da bugu suna tantance takardar da aka rufe ta musamman don fitowar mujallu, littafi, ko kasida mai zuwa, ina maraba da kutuntuɓi ƙungiyar fitar da kayayyaki tamudon ambato masu dacewa da takamaiman bayanai da samfuran reels. Don sabbin sabuntawa kan kewayon samfuranmu da fahimtar masana'antu, ziyarci mushafin labarai na kamfanin.

Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi

Waɗanne nau'ikan takardar rubutu masu rufi ne gidajen buga littattafai na Turai suka fi yin oda?

Nau'o'in da aka fi amfani da su wajen yin odar wallafe-wallafen Turai su ne 72–90 gsm don rubutun mujallu (kashewar yanar gizo), 90–130 gsm don rubutun littafi (kashewar takarda), da kuma 250–350 gsm don murfi da abubuwan da aka saka (C1S ko C2S art board). Bincheng yana samar da cikakken kewayon daga 60 gsm zuwa 400 gsm.

Menene bambanci tsakanin takarda mai rufi ta C1S da C2S don amfani da ita wajen bugawa?

Ana amfani da C1S (gefen ɗaya mai rufi) don murfin littattafai, marufi, da aikace-aikace inda za a manne ko a yi wa gefen baya ado. C2S (gefen biyu mai rufi) shine ma'aunin rubutun mujallu, shafukan ƙasida, da cikin littafin inda ɓangarorin biyu ke ɗauke da abubuwan da aka buga kuma dole ne su nuna sheƙi iri ɗaya na tawada.

Ta yaya firintocin Turai ke tabbatar da ingancin takardar da aka rufe kafin yin oda?

Yawancin firintocin Turai suna buƙatar na'urar gwaji ko zanen samfuri kuma suna gudanar da su da kansu don tabbatar da ƙarfin juriya, yanayin danshi, santsi na saman (PPS ko Bekk), da halayen busar da tawada. Ina ba da shawarar yin gwajin zanen gado 500-1,000 ko kuma ɗan ƙaramin reel kafin a cika girman.

Menene lokacin jagora na yau da kullun don jigilar takarda mai rufi daga China zuwa Turai?

Lokacin da za a yi jigilar kaya daga Ningbo zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Turai (Hamburg, Rotterdam, Felixstowe) yana ɗaukar kwanaki 28-35, kuma jimillar isar da kaya daga kofa zuwa kofa a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan DDP yana farawa daga makonni 6 zuwa 9 ya danganta da inda za a je.

Shin takardar da aka yi wa fenti da aka ƙera ta ƙasar Sin ta dace da tsarin sarrafa launuka na ISO 12647?

Eh. An ƙera takardar da aka shafa mai rufi daga layukan samarwarmu bisa ga ƙa'idodin bugawa na ISO 12647-2, tare da haske mai sarrafawa (ISO 88–92%), haske mara haske (93–96% don 90 gsm), da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun yanayin saman da suka dace da buƙatun daidaita matsi na Turai.

Shin Bincheng yana samar da takarda mai rufi a cikin reels da zanen gado?

Eh. Muna samar da takardar da aka rufe a cikin siffar reel don buga yanar gizo (faɗin birgima daga 787 mm zuwa 1,092 mm) da kuma a cikin siffar takarda don takardar da aka ciyar da ita (girman da aka saba sun haɗa da 70 × 100 cm, 64 × 90 cm, da kuma yanke-zuwa-girma na musamman). Ana samun reel ɗin takarda ga masu canza kaya waɗanda suka yi nasu.