Tekau mā whā tau ahau e mahi ana i te pakihi kaweake pepa, ā, ko te pātai e rangona pinepinetia ana e au mai i ngā tīma hoko pepa o Ūropi ehara i te mea "he aha tō utu." Engari "ka taea e tō pepa te rere i runga i ā mātou Heidelbergs me te kore he aituā hanga-rite?" Kāore ngā whare whakaputa pepa o Ūropi e hoko pepa pērā i te hoko a ngā kaihokohoko taonga i te penupenu. Ka hokona e rātou mā te arotahi whakaputa tā - me ora te pepa i te perehi tukutuku 60,000-rpm me te kore e haehae i te kopa, kātahi ka noho ki raro i ngā pereti mata-400-raina i runga i te taputapu whakaoti-whāngai-pepa mō te wāhanga uhi o te tānga kotahi. Kei te mahi ahau i Ningbo Bincheng Packaging Materials Co., Ltd., ā, i roto i ngā tau kua tukuna e au ngā mea motuhake.ngā hua pepa panipani i ngā taumata tā me te whakaputaki ngā mīhini tā i Tiamana, i te UK, i Parani, me te Netherlands. Ko ngā whakatau whiriwhiri a aua mīhini tā e whai ana i tētahi ariā e motuhake ana ki ia mahi. E whai ana tēnei tuhinga i ngā āhuatanga whakaputa tūturu e toru kua kōrerotia e au ki ngā kaihoko tā o Ūropi, ia mea e whakaatu ana i tētahi ara whiriwhiri pepa rerekē mā te kāwai paninga.

Horopaki Tuatahi: Te Pukapuka Toi Uhi Mārō Tiamana — He aha i pai ake ai te Āhuatanga Panipani i te Āhuatanga Taiao mō te Whārangi 320-Tae me te Takirua-tae

I te tau kua hipa, i waea mai tētahi kaihoko tānga mai i tētahi whare whakaputa pukapuka rahi-waenga o Tiamana ki ahau e rapu pepa ana mō tētahi pukapuka toi 320-whārangi. E 200 whārangi o ngā pereti tae-whā i roto i te pukapuka — he peita nō tētahi kohinga tūmataiti — me te 80 whārangi o ngā whakaahua takirua-tae i tāia ki te taonga kotahi. Ko ngā whārangi e toe ana he mea o mua me ngā taitara i te tae kotahi. I tohua e te kaitā he whārangi 90 gsm, ā, i hiahia te kaiwhakaputa ki tētahi mata pania mō te mahi tae engari he āhua tūturu, kāore i pania mō ngā wāhanga tuhinga. He pakanga tēnei e kitea pinepinetia ana e au: me kawe e te pepa kotahi te tae taumira teitei me te tuhinga ka taea te pānui puta noa i te waitohu kotahi. Ko te kōwhiringa noa ko te pepa paninga tūturu 90 gsm — te paerewa ahumahi mō te tānga pukapuka Pākehā. Engari ko te pepa paninga tūturu, me tōna porosity teitei ake me te iti o te pupuri waituhi, me whakarite ngā pereti takirua-tae mō te whakanui ira o te 18–22%, ā, kua ngaro i ngā pereti tae-whā te taipitopito atarangi i hiahiatia e te kaiwhakahaere whakaputa a te kaiwhakaputa. Ko te kōwhiringa kē atu he paninga 90 gsm me te whakaotinga satin me te kanapa ISO o te 88–90%. Ka pupuri te mata paninga i te waituhi ki runga i te pepa, kaua e tukua kia mimiti ki roto i te muka, nō reira ka heke te pikinga ira i runga i ngā rua-tone ki te 12–15%, ā, ka noho tonu te taipitopito atarangi i roto i ngā pereti tae-whā puta noa i te whānuitanga oro katoa. I whakahuahia e au te paninga paninga satin i te tata ki te 12% te nui ake i ia tana i te paninga tūturu. I whakaaetia e te kaiwhakaputa - ehara i te mea he mutunga kore te tahua, engari nā te mea ko te whakatakotoranga pepa he whakauru tika ki te tūnga utu hokohoko o te pukapuka. Ka taea e te pukapuka toi €65 te mimiti i te pikinga utu pepa e kore e taea e te pukapuka pakiwaitara €25. He maha taku whakahua i tēnei āhuatanga ina kōrero ahau ki ngā kaihoko Pākehā mō ā mātouwhānuitanga pepa paninga motuhake, nā te mea ka horapa atu te akoranga i tua atu i ngā pukapuka toi. Ko tētahi whakaputanga e whakakotahi ana i te tae taumira teitei me te pānui roa — ngā rārangi taiwhanga, ngā tuhinga hoahoa, ngā whakaahua ā-tau — ka pāngia e te pakanga pepa kotahi. Mā te paninga paninga i te 90–100 gsm ka whakatauhia, me te kore e akiaki i te mīhini tā ki te whakahaere i ngā pepa rerekē e rua mā te waitohu kotahi. Ka kī atu ahau ki aku kaihoko mēnā kei te tohutohu ahau i tētahi kaiwhakaputa e whakaputa ana i tētahi mea neke atu i te 60% te ihirangi tae-katoa i runga i te pepa paninga, ka tīmata ahau i te 88% te kanapa o te satin C2S ka whakatika ake, iho rānei i reira i runga i te whakamātautau pēhi. Nā taua taunakitanga kotahi i whakaora i te iti rawa i te toru ngā kaihoko mai i te tono pepa i te āhua tika i roto i te pukapuka tauira engari i tā hē i runga i te pēhi.

Horopaki Tuarua: Te Makasini Wiki o te UK — Pepa Panipani Tukutuku i te 50,000 Tārua me te Taumahatanga Whakahaere

He rerekē te ao whakaputa maheni ia wiki i te whakaputa pukapuka, ā, ka kōrero atu ahau ki ngā kaihoko maheni katoa i tēnei i mua. Ka whakahaerehia e te mīhini tā te mahi i runga i te mīhini tā tukutuku i te 40,000–60,000 kape ia hāora, ka takai ki roto i te rārangi, ā, me aro te pepa ki te ahotea ā-pūkaha o te papa o mua, ngā roera nip, me te takai tapatapahi me te kore e piri, e haehae rānei. Kua kite ahau i tētahi pepa ataahua i roto i te tauira pukapuka e toru ngā pakaru tukutuku i ia huringa, ā, i mātakitaki ahau i te kaiwhakahaere rūma tā e whakakore ana i taua mea tonu ahakoa te hekenga utu e tukuna ana. I te tono mai a tētahi rōpū whakaputa UK ki ahau kia whakahua i tā rātou maheni oranga ia rua marama - 104 whārangi, 50,000 kape ia putanga, he tānga tukutuku wera-whakapūmau i runga i te pepa takai pania 72 gsm - e toru ngā whakaritenga a te kaiwhakahaere hoko he mea nui ake i te utu. Tuatahi, ko te kaha kume o te pepa i te ahunga mīhini: mō te pepa 72 gsm e rere ana i te 45,000 rpm i runga i te Manroland Lithoman, i hiahiatia he kume MD iti rawa o te 45 N·m/g hei ārai i ngā pakaru tukutuku i te papa o mua. Tuarua, ko te ihirangi makuku ōrite puta noa i te rīra: mēnā he nui ake te rerekētanga o te makuku i te 0.5% puta noa i te whānui tukutuku, ka neke te rehita i waenga i ngā wae tā tuatahi me te whakamutunga, ā, ko ngā whakaahua tae-whā i runga i te uhi o mua o roto ka whakaatu i te rehita hē ka kitea e te kaipānui. Tuatoru, ko te taratara o Parker Print-Surf (PPS): mō te pepa pania i runga i te tukutuku wera, ka tūtohu ahau i te PPS o te 1.2–1.6 µm (toharite 10-ira). I raro iho i te 1.0 µm ka tino maeneene te pepa, ā, ka raru te maroke o te waituhi whāngai pepa; i runga ake i te 2.0 µm ka tino heke te koi o te ira haurua-oro i te mata 150-raina. Tā mātouPapa pepa toi pania waro-iti C2S, i hangaia i roto i te whānuitanga mai i te 72 gsm ki te 400 gsm, e tutuki ana i ēnei whakaritenga mā te kume ahunga-mīhini whakahaeretia i roto i te tukanga hanga pepa. I tukuna e au te pūrongo whakamātautau mira e whakaatu ana i te kume MD toharite o te 47 N·m/g me te rerekētanga ahunga-whakawhiti o raro iho i te 3% — i roto i ngā manawanui kua tohua e te pūreretā. Ko te oma whakaputa tuatahi o te 28 tāne i tukuna mai i Ningbo ki Felixstowe i roto i te wā arahi 35-rā, ā, i kōrero te pūreretā kāore he pakaru tukutuku puta noa i te oma tānga 50,000-tārua. Ko taua taumata o te oma te huarahi e pupuri ai au i ngā kaute maheni, ā, koia te take e kī tonu ai ahau ki ngā kaihoko Pākehā hou kia tono i ngā rīra whakamātautau i mua i te whakaae ki ngā ota rahinga. Tā mātouPapa pepa toi papatipu-nui C2SHe rerekē te ōwehenga pakari-ki-taumaha o te awhe e pai ana mō ngā uhi maheni me ngā whakaurunga kāri.

Horopaki Tuatoru: Te Pukapuka Matua Wīwī — Te Whakataurite i te Papa Uhi ki te Tuhinga Kuputuhi hei Hototahi ki te Whakaoti

Ko te tuatoru o ngā āhuatanga e tūtaki pinepine ana ahau ko te pukapuka iti utu nui, te pūrongo ā-tau rānei, e tāia ana te uhi me ngā whārangi tuhinga ki runga i ngā papa rerekē, engari me mahi i ngā mahi whakaoti kotahi - te whakapiko, te whakapiko, te here, me ētahi wā te tā i te pepa konutea, te paninga UV ira rānei. I whakaaturia mai e tētahi mīhini tākai papai Wīwī tētahi tauira pukapuka iti kua pakaru te uhi papa C1S i te kokonga tuarā i muri i te tānga pepa konutea, nā te mea kāore i te rawaka te taumaha o te paninga i te taha whakamuri ki te whakahaere i te ahotea miihini o te mate pepa konutea wera. He papa C1S 350 gsm te uhi, ā, he paninga C2S 150 gsm te tuhinga. Kāore i te ōrite te wetereo engari i roto i te hanganga paninga. I te taenga mai o taua mīhini tā ki ahau mō tētahi whakatakotoranga whakakapinga, ka tirotirohia e au ngā whakaritenga whakaoti taahiraa i te taahiraa. Mō te tā pepa konutea ki runga i te uhi, i tūtohu ahau i tētahi papa toi C2S 300 gsm me te iti rawa o te 20 gsm paninga mō ia taha - he nui te paninga hei kawe i te pepa konutea wera me te kore e pakaru. Mō ngā whārangi tuhinga — 24 whārangi o ngā whakaahua hua tae-whā me te UV ira i runga i ngā whakaahua kua tohua — i tūtohu ahau i tētahi paninga C2S 130 gsm me te mutunga kanapa me te maeneene Bekk o te 800–1,200 hēkona. I whakamārama ahau ka mau te mutunga kanapa i runga i ngā whārangi tuhinga i te UV ira me te kore he motling, ā, ko te hanganga C2S te tikanga he rite te kaha o te mata o ngā taha e rua mō te piri UV. I tohua anō e ahau me tohatoha e ngā pepa e rua te matū tae paninga kotahi — te konupūmā waro i hurihia ki te tohatoha rahi matūriki kotahi — kia maroke ai te wanihi UV i te kaha kotahi puta noa i ngā papa e rua. I whai ake ahau me te pūreretā i ngā wiki e toru i muri i te tukunga, ā, i whakaū rātou i oma rātou i te 15,000 kape me te kore he whakakorenga whakaoti. I uru tika atu taua urupare ki roto i aku tuhipoka taunakitanga a te kaiwhakarato mō ngā kaihoko Wīwī me Belgian a meake nei. Koinei te wāhi e kite ai ahau he maioha ngā pūreretā Pākehā ki tētahi kaiwhakarato e mārama ana ki ngā herenga whakaoti, ehara i te mea ko ngā whakaritenga pepa anake. Ko tā mātoupapa toi motuhakekei roto i te awhe ngā kōwhiringa C1S me C2S me ngā taumaha paninga whakahaere, ā, ka whakaratohia e au ngā raraunga taumaha paninga i roto i ia utu kia taea ai e ngā pūreretā te manatoko i te hototahitanga whakaoti i mua i te tono. Mō ngā kaiwhakaputa e tūhura ana i ngā kōwhiringa pepa rerekē mō ā rātou putea tānga, ko tā mātoukāwai pepa whakarerekē me te pepa tāruae kapi ana i ngā kōwhiringa kāore i pania mō ngā wāhanga he nui ngā tuhinga, ina tāpirihia he utu koretake mō ia waeine e te rauemi pania.

He aha ngā Whare Whakaputa Pukapuka o Ūropi i ahu mai i Haina

He maha ngā wā ka rongo au i te pātai mai i ngā kaihoko Pākehā: he aha i kawemai ai i te pepa paninga mai i Ningbo ina hangaia ana e ngā mira pepa i Finland, Tiamana, me Huitene ngā momo paninga o te ao? E toru ngā wāhanga o te whakautu, ā, ka hoatu e au te whakamārama kotahi i ia wā. Tuatahi, ko te painga utu: ko te paninga C2S paninga 90 gsm mai i te mira Haina, i tukuna te DDP ki tētahi mīhini tā i Leipzig, i Milan rānei, he 15–25% te iti iho i te momo mira Pākehā ōrite, e ai ki ngā tātaitanga utu whenua e tukuna ana e au me ia whakahua. Ko te utu kaipuke mai i Ningbo ki Hamburg e tāpiri ana i te €80–120 mō ia tana, ā, ko te takoha kawemai a te EU i raro i te waehere HS 4810.29 he 6.5% ad valorem. Ka hangaia e ngā mira Haina i roto i ngā wā roa rawa - 50–100 tana mō ia ota te paerewa - e pupuri ana i te utu hanga mō ia tana kia iti ake i ngā mira Pākehā e whakahaere ana i ngā rota 10–20 tana mō te momo kotahi. Kua kite ahau i ngā kaihoko tānga Pākehā e huri ana mai i te pepa mira Tiamana ki tā mātou taumata ōrite, ā, ka penapena €80 ia tana i runga i te pepa anake, arā, mō te maheni ā-marama e whakahaere ana i te 100 tana i ia tau, ka puta he penapena ā-tau o te €8,000 - he nui hei utu i te whakapai ake i te mīhini tā i roto i ngā tau e rua. Tuarua, ko te whānuitanga o ngā whakatakotoranga. Ka whakahaerehia e ngā kaihanga pepa Hainamana te paninga paninga mai i te 60 gsm tae noa ki te 400 gsm i roto i te raina hua kotahi, e tuku ana i ngā whakatakotoranga rīra me te rau. Mō te kaiwhakaputa e whakahaere ana i tētahi putea tānga kei roto ko tētahi maheni rahi-whakaiti 64-whārangi (paninga paninga 72 gsm, whāngai rīra) me tētahi pūrongo ā-tau A4 240-whārangi (paninga paninga 150 gsm, whāngai rau me te uhi papa 300 gsm), mā te kaiwhakarato kotahi e kapi ana i te whānuitanga katoa o te weriweri ka whakaiti i te uaua o te hoko mai i te whakahaere i ngā kaiwhakarato e rima ki te kotahi. Tuatoru, ko ngā mahi whakahaere mai i Ningbo. He maha ngā wā kua kī atu ahau ko tō mātou wāhi - 40 kiromita mai i te tauranga wai hohonu o Ningbo Beilun - te painga whakahaere tino nui e tukuna ana e Bincheng ki ngā kaihoko Pākehā. Ko Beilun te tauranga pukumahi rawa atu o te ao mā te taumaha utanga, me ngā haerenga ia wiki ki Hamburg, Rotterdam, Antwerp, me Felixstowe. Ka taea te utaina he ipu pepa pani ki tō mātou whare putunga i te Rāhina ki runga kaipuke i te Paraire, ā, ka tae ki te tauranga Pākehā i roto i ngā rā 28–32. Mō tētahi kaiwhakaputa o te UK, o Tiamana rānei e mahi ana ki tētahi rā tānga kua whakaritea, he nui ake te uara o tēnei matapae mō te kawe waka i te hekenga utu mō ia tana o ētahi tāra.

Te Kaupapa Noa: Te Mahi Tā i mua i te Utu

Mō ngā āhuatanga e toru — te pukapuka toi, te maheni ā-wiki, me te pukapuka iti utu nui — he rite tonu te tauira kua kitea e au: ka whiriwhiria e ngā whare whakaputa Pākehā ā rātou pepa paninga i runga i ngā whakaritenga mahi tā, kātahi ka whiriwhiri utu i roto i te puna kaiwhakarato whai mana. Ko te pepa e paahitia ana te whakamātautau tā i te 90% o te utu mira Pākehā he pai ake te hoko i te pepa e paahitia ana i te 70% engari ka whakaroa i te whakarite. I te mea ko tePaerewa tānga whakairo me te tānga āwhata ISO 12647-2e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga o te mata pepa mārama, ōrite — te kanapa, te mārama, te kanapa, me te maeneene — he mea nui mō te whakaputa tae kua whakatikatikaina, ā, ko te kaiwhakarato kāore e taea te tuhi i ēnei whakaritenga ki ngā manawanui ISO kāore e tika ana ki te kōrero mō te pūtake ahakoa te utu. Ko ā mātou kiritaki auau, neke atu i te tekau tau e mahi ana ki ngā mīhini tā Pākehā, ko rātou te hunga i whakamātautau i tā mātou pepa i runga i ā rātou ake mīhini tā, i whakaū i te āheinga oma, kātahi ka hanga i te kōrero utu i runga i te taunga hangarau kua whakamātauhia. Mena kei te aromatawai tō whare whakaputa, tō rōpū whakaputa tā rānei i te pepa paninga motuhake mō tētahi maheni, pukapuka, rarangi pukapuka rānei e haere ake nei, nau mai haere mai ki a koe.whakapā atu ki tā mātou tīma kaweakemō ngā whakatau tata me ngā tauira rīra. Mō ngā whakahōutanga hou mō ā mātou hua me ngā tirohanga ahumahi, tirohia tā mātouwhārangi purongo kamupene.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te whānuitanga o te reanga o te pepa paninga e tino tonoa ana e ngā whare whakaputa pukapuka o Ūropi?

Ko ngā inenga karāhe e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā ota whakaputanga Pākehā ko te 72–90 gsm mō te tuhinga maheni (whakawhitinga tukutuku), 90–130 gsm mō te tuhinga pukapuka (whakawhitinga whāngai-pepa), me te 250–350 gsm mō ngā uhi me ngā tāpiringa (papa toi C1S, C2S rānei). Ko Bincheng te kaiwhakarato i te whānuitanga katoa mai i te 60 gsm ki te 400 gsm.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te pepa pania C1S me te pepa pania C2S mō te whakamahinga whakaputa?

Ko te C1S (kua pania tetahi taha) e whakamahia ana mō ngā uhi pukapuka, mō ngā takai, me ngā mahi e whakapiripiritia ai, e whakakikoruatia ai rānei te taha o muri. Ko te C2S (kua pania ngā taha e rua) te paerewa mō ngā tuhinga maheni, ngā whārangi pukapuka iti, me ngā roto pukapuka kei reira ngā tuhinga kua tāia ki ngā taha e rua, ā, me whakaatu te kanapa o te waituhi.

Me pēhea te manatoko a ngā mīhini tā Pākehā i te kounga o te pepa paninga i mua i te tono?

Ko te nuinga o ngā mīhini tā o Ūropi e tono ana i tētahi rīra whakamātautau, i ētahi pepa tauira rānei, ā, ka whakamahia e rātou ake mīhini tā hei manatoko i te kaha kume, te āhua makuku, te maeneene o te mata (PPS, Bekk rānei), me ngā āhuatanga maroke waituhi. Ka tūtohu ahau kia ota whakamātautauhia he 500–1,000 pepa, he rīra wāhanga rānei i mua i te whakatau i te rōrahi.

Kia pēhea te roa o te wā arahi mō te pepa paninga kua tukuna mai i Haina ki Ūropi?

Ko te wā whakaputa he 10–15 ngā rā mahi i muri i te whakaū ota, ko te utunga moana mai i Ningbo ki tētahi tauranga Pākehā (Hamburg, Rotterdam, Felixstowe) e 28–35 ngā rā, ā, ko te tuku katoa mai i te tatau ki te tatau i raro i ngā tikanga DDP kei waenga i te 6 ki te 9 wiki i runga i te ūnga.

He pai te pepa paninga ā-ringa i hangaia i Haina mō te whakahaere tae ISO 12647?

Āe. Ka hangaia te pepa paninga mai i ā mātou raina whakaputa kia rite ki ngā paerewa tānga ISO 12647-2, me te kanapa whakahaere (ISO 88–92%), te opacity (93–96% mō te 90 gsm), me ngā whakaritenga maeneene o te mata e rite ana ki ngā whakaritenga whakatikatika perehi Pākehā.

E tuku ana a Bincheng i te pepa paninga mō ngā rīra me ngā rau?

Āe. Ka tukuna e mātou he pepa panipani hei rīra mō te tānga tukutuku (te whānui o te rōra mai i te 787 mm ki te 1,092 mm) me te pepa hei whāngai pepa (ko ngā rahi paerewa ko te 70×100 cm, 64×90 cm, me te tapahi-ki-te-rahi ritenga). Kei te wātea ngā rīra pepa mō ngā kaitahuri e hanga ana i ā rātou ake pepa.