Bengilokhu ngisebhizinisini lokuthumela amaphepha kwamanye amazwe iminyaka eyishumi nane, futhi umbuzo engiwuzwa kakhulu emaqenjini okuthenga amaphepha aseYurophu awuthi “ingakanani intengo yakho.” Uwukuthi “ingabe iphepha lakho lingasebenza eHeidelbergs yethu ngaphandle kwenhlekelele yokulungisa?” Izinkampani zokushicilela zaseYurophu azithengi iphepha ngendlela abathengisi bezimpahla abathenga ngayo i-pulp. Balithenga ngelensi yokukhiqiza okuphrintiwe — iphepha kumele lisinde kumshini wewebhu ongama-60,000-rpm ngaphandle kokudabula, bese lihlala ngaphansi kwamapuleti esikrini angu-400 ku-perfector efakwe amashidi engxenyeni yesembozo yomshini ofanayo wokuphrinta. Ngisebenza eNingbo Bincheng Packaging Materials Co., Ltd., futhi eminyakeni edlule ngithumele okukhethekileimikhiqizo yephepha elihlanganisiwe emazingeni okunyathelisa nokushicilelakubaphrinta eJalimane, e-UK, eFrance naseNetherlands. Izinqumo zokukhetha ezenziwa yilabo baphrinta zilandela umqondo oqondene nomsebenzi ngamunye. Lesi sihloko sihamba ngezimo ezintathu zokukhiqiza zangempela engizixoxile mathupha nabathengi bokuphrinta baseYurophu, ngasinye sibonisa indlela ehlukile yokukhetha iphepha ngesigaba se-offset esimboziwe.

Isimo Sokuqala: Incwadi Yobuciko Yesembozo Esiqinile YaseJalimane — Kungani I-Offset Ehlanganisiwe Inqobe I-Offset Yemvelo Yokugijima Okune Okune-Pages 320

Ngonyaka odlule umthengi ophrintiwe ovela endlini yokushicilela yaseJalimane ephakathi nendawo wangishayela ucingo efuna iphepha le-monograph yobuciko enamakhasi angu-320. Le ncwadi yayinamakhasi angu-200 amapuleti anemibala emine - imidwebo evela eqoqweni langasese - kanye namakhasi angu-80 ezithombe ze-duotone eziphrintiwe esitokweni esifanayo. Amakhasi asele ayengaphambili kanye nemibhalo ebhalwe ngombala owodwa. Iphrinta yayichaze ishidi le-90 gsm futhi umshicileli wayefuna indawo embozwe ngombala kodwa umuzwa wemvelo, ongamboziwe wezingxenye zombhalo. Lokhu kuyingxabano engiyibona njalo: ishidi lephepha elifanayo kumele lithwale umbala onesinqumo esiphezulu kanye nombhalo ofundekayo kusignesha efanayo. Ukukhetha okuvamile kungaba iphepha le-offset lemvelo le-90 gsm - indinganiso yemboni yokunyathelisa izincwadi zaseYurophu. Kodwa ishidi le-offset lemvelo, eline-porosity ephezulu kanye nokubamba okuncane kweyinki, ngabe lidinga ukuthi amapuleti e-duotone alungiswe ukuze kutholakale amachashazi angu-18-22%, futhi amapuleti anemibala emine ngabe alahlekelwe imininingwane yesithunzi umqondisi wokukhiqiza womshicileli ayeyifuna ngqo. Okunye okwakukhona kwakuyi-offset embozwe ngo-90 gsm ene-satin finish kanye nokukhanya kwe-ISO okungu-88–90%. Ubuso obumbozwe bubamba uyinki phezulu kweshidi kunokuba buyivumele ingene ku-fibre, ngakho-ke ukwanda kwamachashazi kuma-duotones kwehle kwaba ngu-12–15%, futhi imininingwane yesithunzi kumapuleti anemibala emine yahlala ingashintshi kulo lonke uhla lwethoni. Ngicaphune i-offset embozwe ngo-satin cishe ngo-12% ngaphezulu ngethani kune-offset yemvelo. Umshicileli wayivuma - hhayi ngoba isabelomali sasingenamkhawulo, kodwa ngoba imininingwane yephepha yayiwukufaka ngqo ekubekweni kwentengo yokuthengisa yencwadi. Incwadi yobuciko engu-€65 ingamukela ukwenyuka kwezindleko zephepha okungenakukwaziwa yinoveli engu-€25. Ngivame ukubhekisela kulesi simo lapho ngikhuluma nabathengi baseYurophu mayelana nathi.uhla lwephepha olukhethekile olumboziwe, ngoba lesi sifundo sidlulela ngale kwezincwadi zobuciko. Noma yikuphi ukushicilelwa okuhlanganisa umbala onesinqumo esiphezulu nokufunda okude — amakhathalogi egalari, ama-monograph okuklama, izithombe zonyaka — kubhekene nengxabano efanayo yephepha. I-offset ehlanganisiwe ku-90–100 gsm iyayixazulula ngaphandle kokuphoqa iphrinta ukuthi isebenzise amasheya amabili ahlukene ephepha ngesiginesha efanayo. Ngitshela abathengi bami ukuthi uma bengiluleka umshicileli okhiqiza noma yini enokuqukethwe okugcwele okungaphezu kuka-60% esitokisini esimboziwe, bengizoqala ekuqedeni kwe-satin okukhanyayo okungu-88% C2S bese ngilungisa phezulu noma phansi kusukela lapho ngokusekelwe esivivinyweni sabezindaba. Leso sincomo esisodwa sisindise okungenani abathengi abathathu eku-odeni iphepha elibukeka kahle encwadini yesampula kodwa eliphrintiwe kabi ephepheni.

Isimo Sesibili: I-UK Weekly Magazine — Iphepha Elimbozwe Nge-Web Offset kumakhophi angu-50,000 kanye Nokucindezeleka Kokusebenza

Ukukhiqizwa komagazini wamasonto onke kuhlukile ekushicilelweni kwezincwadi, futhi ngitshela wonke umthengi womagazini lokhu kusengaphambili. Iphrinta isebenza kumshini wokunyathelisa we-web offset ngamakhophi angu-40,000–60,000 ngehora, igoqeka emgqeni, futhi iphepha kumele libekezelele ukucindezeleka komshini webhodi langaphambili, ama-nip rollers, kanye ne-chopper fold ngaphandle kokuqhekeka noma ukudabuka. Ngibone iphepha elibukeka lihle encwadini yesampula libangela ama-web break amathathu ngeshifti ngayinye, futhi ngabuka umphathi we-pressroom elanqaba khona manjalo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isaphulelo sentengo sinikezwa. Lapho iqembu labashicileli base-UK lingcela ukuthi ngicaphune umagazini wabo we-lifestyle ophuma kabili ngenyanga - amakhasi angu-104, amakhophi angu-50,000 ngomagazini ngamunye, i-heatset web offset ephrintiwe ephepheni le-offset elingu-72 gsm elimbozwe nge-offset - umqondisi wokuthenga wayenemininingwane emithathu ebaluleke kakhulu kunentengo. Okokuqala, amandla okudonsa ephepha ohlangothini lomshini: ephepheni elingu-72 gsm elisebenza ku-45,000 rpm ku-Manroland Lithoman, bengidinga ukudonsa okuncane kwe-MD okungu-45 N·m/g ukuvimbela ukuphuka kwewebhu ebhodini langaphambili. Okwesibili, okuqukethwe komswakama kuyafana kulo lonke i-reel: uma umswakama ushintsha ngaphezu kuka-0.5% kububanzi bewebhu, irejista izohamba phakathi kwamayunithi okuphrinta okuqala nawokugcina, kanti izithombe ezinemibala emine esembozweni sangaphambili sangaphakathi zizobonisa ukubhalisa okungalungile umfundi angakubona. Okwesithathu, ukuqina kwe-Parker Print-Surf (PPS): ephepheni elihlanganisiwe kuwebhu ye-heatset, ngincoma i-PPS engu-1.2–1.6 µm (isilinganiso samaphuzu ayi-10). Ngaphansi kuka-1.0 µm iphepha liba bushelelezi kakhulu futhi ukomisa kwe-inki okufakwe ephepheni kuba yinkinga; ngaphezu kuka-2.0 µm ukubukhali kwamachashazi e-halftone kwehla ngokuphawulekayo esikrinini semigqa engu-150.Ibhodi lobuciko elimbozwe nge-C2S elinekhabhoni ephansi, ekhiqizwa ngobubanzi obusukela ku-72 gsm kuya ku-400 gsm, ihlangabezana nalezi zimfuneko ngokusebenzisa ukucindezela okulawulwayo komshini enqubweni yokwenza iphepha. Ngithumele umbiko wokuhlolwa komshini obonisa ukucindezela okujwayelekile kwe-MD okungu-47 N·m/g kanye nokwehluka kokuqondisa okungaphansi kuka-3% - kokubili ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana okuchazwe yiphrinta. Ukugijima kokuqala kokukhiqiza kwamathani angu-28 athunyelwe esuka eNingbo eya eFelixstowe ngesikhathi sokuhola sezinsuku ezingu-35, kanti iphrinta ibike ukuthi akukho ukuphuka kwewebhu kulo lonke ukugijima kokuphrinta kwamakhophi angu-50,000. Lelo zinga lokusebenza yindlela engigcina ngayo ama-akhawunti omagazini, futhi yingakho ngihlala ngitshela abathengi abasha baseYurophu ukuthi bacele ama-reel okuhlola ngaphambi kokuzibophezela kuma-oda evolumu.Ibhodi lephepha lobuciko be-C2S elinobukhulu obuphezuluububanzi bunikeza isilinganiso esihlukile sokuqina kuya kwesisindo esifanela izembozo zomagazini kanye nezingcezu zamakhadi.

Isimo Sesithathu: Incwajana YesiFulentshi Ephakeme — Ukufanisa Ibhodi Lesembozo Nesitoko Sombhalo Ukuze Kuphele Ukuhambisana

Isimo sesithathu engihlangana naso kaningi yincwajana ye-premium noma umbiko wonyaka lapho isembozo namakhasi ombhalo kuphrintwa ezindaweni ezahlukene kodwa kumele kwenziwe imisebenzi efanayo yokuqeda — ukugoqa, ukuqhekeka, ukubopha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukunyathela i-foil noma ukumboza i-UV. Iphrinta yokupakisha yokunethezeka yaseFrance yake yangibonisa isampula yencwajana lapho isembozo sebhodi le-C1S sasihlukanisiwe khona emgogodleni womgogodla ngemva kokunyathela i-foil, ngoba isisindo sokumboza ohlangothini olungemuva sasinganele ukubhekana nokucindezeleka komshini we-foil die eshisayo. Isembozo kwakuyibhodi le-C1S elingu-350 gsm, kanti umbhalo wawuyi-offset embozwe yi-150 gsm C2S. Ukungafani kwakungatholakali ku-grammage kodwa kusakhiwo sokumboza. Lapho iphrinta efanayo ifika kimi ukuze inginike imininingwane yokufaka esikhundleni, ngadlula ezidingweni zokuqeda isinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Ukuze nginyathele i-foil esembozweni, ngincome ibhodi lobuciko le-C2S elingu-300 gsm elinesembozo esingu-20 gsm okungenani ohlangothini ngalunye — ukubamba okwanele kokufaka i-foil ukuze ithwale i-hot-stamped foil ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa. Kumakhasi ombhalo — amakhasi angu-24 ezithombe zomkhiqizo ezinemibala emine kanye ne-UV emfushane ezithombeni ezikhethiwe — ngincome i-offset embozwe yi-130 gsm C2S ene-gloss finish kanye ne-Bekk smoothness yemizuzwana engu-800–1,200. Ngichaze ukuthi i-gloss finish emakhasini ombhalo izothwala i-UV emfushane ngaphandle kwamabala, kanti ukwakhiwa kwe-C2S kusho ukuthi izinhlangothi zombili zinamandla afanayo okunamathela kwe-UV. Ngiphinde ngachaza ukuthi womabili amaphepha kufanele abelane nge-pigment chemistry efanayo yokumboza — i-calcium carbonate egayiwe ekusabalalisweni kosayizi wezinhlayiya ezifanayo — ukuze i-UV varnish iphole ngamandla afanayo kuzo zombili izingxenye. Ngilandele ngephrinta emavikini amathathu ngemuva kokulethwa futhi baqinisekisile ukuthi banamakhophi angu-15,000 ngaphandle kokuqeda. Leyo mpendulo yangena ngqo kumanothi ami okuncoma umhlinzeki kubathengi baseFrance naseBelgium besikhathi esizayo. Lesi simo yilapho ngithola khona ukuthi abaphrinta baseYurophu bayazisa umhlinzeki oqonda imikhawulo yokuqeda, hhayi nje imininingwane yephepha.ibhodi lobuciko elikhethekileububanzi buhlanganisa kokubili izinketho ze-C1S kanye ne-C2S ezinezisindo zokumboza ezilawulwayo, futhi nginikeza idatha yesisindo sokumboza kuzo zonke izingcaphuno ukuze abaphrinta bakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kokuqeda ngaphambi koku-oda. Kubashicileli abahlola izinketho ezahlukene zephepha zephothifoliyo yabo yokuphrinta, yethuisigaba sephepha elilinganiselwe kanye nephepha lokukopishaihlanganisa ezinye izindlela ezingamboziwe zezingxenye ezisindayo zombhalo lapho isitoko esimboziwe singanezela khona izindleko ezingadingekile ngeyunithi ngayinye.

Kungani Izinkampani Zokushicilela zaseYurophu Zivela EShayina

Ngivame ukuzwa umbuzo ovela kubathengi baseYurophu: kungani ukungenisa iphepha elihlanganisiwe elivela eNingbo kuyilapho izimayini zephepha eFinland, eJalimane naseSweden zikhiqiza amazinga ahlanganisiwe asezingeni lomhlaba? Impendulo inezingxenye ezintathu, futhi nginikeza incazelo efanayo njalo. Okokuqala, inzuzo yezindleko: i-offset ehlanganisiwe engu-90 gsm C2S evela emshinini waseShayina, ethunyelwe kuphrinta eLeipzig noma eMilan, ifika ngo-15-25% ngaphansi kwebanga elifanayo le-European-mill, ngokusho kokubala izindleko ezifike lapho engikunikezayo ngesilinganiso ngasinye. Ukuthunyelwa kolwandle kusuka eNingbo kuya eHamburg kunezela cishe u-€80-120 ngethani, kanti intela yokungenisa ye-EU ngaphansi kwekhodi ye-HS 4810.29 ingu-6.5% ngaphandle kwe-value. Izimayini zaseShayina zikhiqiza isikhathi eside kakhulu - amathani angu-50-100 nge-oda ngalinye kuyinto ejwayelekile - okugcina izindleko zokukhiqiza ngethani ziphansi kunezimayini zaseYurophu ezisebenzisa amathani ayi-10-20 ngebanga elifanayo. Ngibone abathengi bokunyathelisa baseYurophu beshintsha besuka ephepheni laseJalimane beya ebangeni elilinganayo futhi bonge ama-€80 ngethani ephepheni kuphela, okwanele ukuxhasa ukuthuthukiswa kwabezindaba kungakapheli iminyaka emibili. Okwesibili, ububanzi bemininingwane. Abenzi bamaphepha baseShayina basebenzisa i-offset ehlanganisiwe kusuka ku-60 gsm kuze kufike ku-400 gsm emgqeni ofanayo womkhiqizo, benikeza amafomethi e-reel kanye ne-sheet. Kumshicileli ophethe iphothifoliyo yokunyathelisa ehlanganisa umagazini osayizi we-digest wamakhasi angu-64 (i-offset ehlanganisiwe engu-72 gsm, i-reel-fed) kanye nombiko wonyaka we-A4 wamakhasi angu-240 (i-offset ehlanganisiwe engu-150 gsm, i-sheet-fed kanye nesembozo sebhodi esingu-300 gsm), umhlinzeki oyedwa ohlanganisa lonke uhla lwe-grammage unciphisa ubunzima bokuthenga kusukela ekuphatheni abaphakeli abahlanu kuya koyedwa. Okwesithathu, izinto ezivela eNingbo. Ngishilo kaningi ukuthi indawo yethu - amakhilomitha angu-40 ukusuka echwebeni laseNingbo Beilun elijulile - iyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu yokusebenza iBincheng eyinikeza abathengi baseYurophu. I-Beilun iyichweba elimatasa kakhulu emhlabeni ngamathani empahla, elinokuhamba ngesikebhe masonto onke ukuya eHamburg, eRotterdam, e-Antwerp, naseFelixstowe. Isitsha sephepha elihlanganisiwe elilayishwe endaweni yethu yokugcina impahla ngoMsombuluko singaba sesikebheni ngoLwesihlanu bese sifika echwebeni laseYurophu zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-28-32. Kumshicileli wase-UK noma waseJalimane osebenza ngosuku oluhleliwe lokunyathelisa, lokhu kubikezelwa kokuhamba kubaluleke kakhulu kunesaphulelo sethani ngalinye samadola ambalwa.

Intambo Evamile: Ukusebenza Kokuphrinta Ngaphambi Kwentengo

Kuzo zonke izimo ezintathu — incwadi yobuciko, umagazini wamasonto onke, kanye nencwajana esezingeni eliphezulu — iphethini engiyibonile iyafana: Izinkampani zokushicilela zaseYurophu zenza ukukhetha kwazo iphepha elihlanganisiwe ngokwezidingo zokusebenza kokuphrinta, bese zixoxisana ngentengo ngaphakathi kweqembu labaphakeli abafanelekayo. Iphepha eliphumelela ukuhlolwa kokuphrinta ngama-90% entengo yomshini waseYurophu lingcono kakhulu kunephepha elidlula ngama-70% kodwa libangela ukubambezeleka kokulungisa. NjengobaIzinga lokuphrinta le-ISO 12647-2 gravure kanye ne-offsetkwenza izakhiwo zephepha ezicacile nezihambisanayo — ukukhanya, ukungabonakali, ukukhanya, kanye nokushelela — kube yizidingo zokuqala ukukhiqizwa kombala olinganisiwe, futhi umhlinzeki ongakwazi ukubhala lezi zincazelo ku-ISO tolerances akafaneleki engxoxweni yokuthola ulwazi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi intengo ingakanani. Amakhasimende ethu aphindaphindayo, eminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi ekhonza amaphrinta aseYurophu, yiwo ahlole iphepha lethu emishinini yawo yokunyathelisa, aqinisekisa ukuthi liyasebenza, bese akha ingxoxo yamanani phezu kokufaneleka kobuchwepheshe okuqinisekisiwe. Uma indlu yakho yokushicilela noma ithimba lokukhiqiza ukuphrinta lihlola iphepha elikhethekile elimbozwe nge-offset ukuze kuqhutshwe umagazini, incwadi, noma ikhathalogi ezayo, ngiyakwamukela ukuthixhumana nethimba lethu lokuthumela ngaphandleukuze uthole izingcaphuno ezihambisana nemininingwane kanye nama-reel esampula. Ukuze uthole izibuyekezo zakamuva mayelana nohlu lwemikhiqizo yethu kanye nokuqonda kwemboni, vakashela i-ikhasi lezindaba lenkampani.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Yiluphi uhlobo lwephepha elimboziwe elivame uku-odwa yizinkampani zokushicilela zaseYurophu?

Ama-grammage avame kakhulu kuma-oda okushicilela aseYurophu yi-72–90 gsm yombhalo womagazini (i-web offset), i-90–130 gsm yombhalo wencwadi (i-sheet-fed offset), kanye ne-250–350 gsm yezembozo kanye nezifakelo (ibhodi lobuciko le-C1S noma le-C2S). I-Bincheng inikeza ububanzi obuphelele kusukela ku-60 gsm kuya ku-400 gsm.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwephepha elimbozwe nge-C1S nephepha elimbozwe nge-C2S ukuze lisetshenziswe ekushicileleni?

I-C1S (embozwe ohlangothini olulodwa) isetshenziselwa izembozo zezincwadi, ukupakisha, kanye nokusetshenziswa lapho uhlangothi olungemuva luzonamatheliswa noma lufakwe i-laminate. I-C2S (embozwe izinhlangothi ezimbili) iyindinganiso yombhalo womagazini, amakhasi encwajana, kanye nengaphakathi lezincwadi lapho izinhlangothi zombili ziphethe okuqukethwe okuphrintiwe futhi kumele zibonise ukukhanya okufanayo kweyinki.

Abaphrinta baseYurophu baqinisekisa kanjani ikhwalithi yephepha le-offset elimboziwe ngaphambi koku-oda?

Iningi labaphrinta baseYurophu licela i-test reel noma amashidi esampula bese liwasebenzisa ngokucindezela kwabo ukuqinisekisa amandla okunamathela, iphrofayili yomswakama, ukushelela kwendawo (i-PPS noma i-Bekk), kanye nezici zokomisa uyinki. Ngincoma ama-oda okuhlola amashidi angu-500-1,000 noma i-partial reel ngaphambi kokuzibophezela kuvolumu.

Ingakanani isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhola iphepha elihlanganisiwe elithunyelwa lisuka eShayina liya eYurophu?

Isikhathi sokuhola ukukhiqiza siyizinsuku zokusebenza eziyi-10-15 ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa kwe-oda, ukuthunyelwa olwandle kusuka eNingbo kuya echwebeni laseYurophu (eHamburg, eRotterdam, eFelixstowe) kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-28-35, kanti ukulethwa okuphelele komnyango nomnyango ngaphansi kwemigomo ye-DDP kusukela emavikini ayi-6 kuya kwayi-9 kuye ngokuthi uya kuphi.

Ingabe iphepha elimboziwe elenziwe ngesiShayina lifanelekile ukuphathwa kombala we-ISO 12647?

Yebo. Iphepha elihlanganisiwe elivela emigqeni yethu yokukhiqiza lenziwe ngokwezindinganiso zokuphrinta ze-ISO 12647-2, ngokukhanya okulawulwayo (ISO 88–92%), i-opacity (93–96% ye-90 gsm), kanye nezincazelo zobushelelezi bomphezulu ezihambisana nezimfuneko zokulinganisa ukucindezela kwaseYurophu.

Ingabe iBincheng inikeza iphepha elihlanganisiwe elinomshini wokufaka ama-reel namashidi?

Yebo. Sihlinzeka ngephepha le-offset elimboziwe ngesimo se-reel sokuphrinta kwe-web offset (ububanzi bokugoqa kusuka ku-787 mm kuya ku-1,092 mm) kanye nesimo seshidi se-offset efakwe ishidi (osayizi abajwayelekile bafaka phakathi u-70×100 cm, 64×90 cm, kanye nosayizi owenziwe ngokwezifiso). Ama-sheet reel ayatholakala kubaguquli abafaka ishidi labo.