Ndineminyaka elishumi elinesine ndikwishishini lokuthumela amaphepha kwamanye amazwe, kwaye umbuzo endiwuva rhoqo kumaqela okuthenga amashishini aseYurophu awuthi “lithini ixabiso lakho.” Uthi “ingaba iphepha lakho lingahamba kwiHeidelbergs yethu ngaphandle kwentlekele yokulungisa?” Amashishini aseYurophu okushicilela awathengi iphepha ngendlela abathengisi bempahla abathenga ngayo ipulp. Balithenga ngelensi yokuvelisa ushicilelo — iphepha kufuneka lisinde kwi-web press ye-60,000-rpm ngaphandle kokukrazula, emva koko lihlale phantsi kweepleyiti zesikrini ezingama-400 kwi-sheet-fed perfector kwicandelo lesigqubuthelo sendlela efanayo yokushicilela. Ndisebenza eNingbo Bincheng Packaging Materials Co., Ltd., kwaye kule minyaka idlulileyo ndithumele izinto ezikhethekileyo.iimveliso zephepha ezigqunywe nge-offset kumanqanaba okuprinta nokupapashakubashicileli baseJamani, e-UK, eFransi naseNetherlands. Izigqibo zokukhetha ezenziwa ngabashicileli zilandela ingqiqo ethile kumsebenzi ngamnye. Eli nqaku lihamba ngeemeko ezintathu zokwenyani zemveliso endizixoxile ngazo ngokwam nabathengi bokushicilela baseYurophu, nganye ibonisa indlela eyahlukileyo yokukhetha iphepha ngokusebenzisa udidi lwe-offset olugqunywe nge-coated.

Imeko Yokuqala: Incwadi Yobugcisa YaseJamani Eneqweqwe Eliqinileyo — Kutheni I-Offset Ene-Coated Iphumelele I-Offset Yendalo Kwi-320-Pages Four-Colour Plus Duotone Run

Kunyaka ophelileyo umthengi oprintiweyo ovela kwindlu yokushicilela yaseJamani ephakathi wanditsalela umnxeba efuna iphepha le-monograph yobugcisa enamaphepha angama-320. Le ncwadi yayinamaphepha angama-200 eepleyiti ezinemibala emine - imizobo evela kwingqokelela yabucala - kunye namaphepha angama-80 eefoto ze-duotone eziprintiweyo kwisitokhwe esifanayo. Amaphepha aseleyo ayengaphambili kunye neenkcazo-magama kumbala omnye. Iprinta yayichaze iphepha le-90 gsm kwaye umshicileli wayefuna umphezulu ogqunywe ngombala kodwa ube nomvakalelo wendalo, ongagqunywanga kumacandelo ombhalo. Olu lungquzulwano endilubona rhoqo: iphepha elifanayo kufuneka lithwale umbala ocacileyo kunye nombhalo ofundekayo kwisiginitsha efanayo. Ukhetho oluqhelekileyo luza kuba liphepha le-90 gsm lendalo eliguquliweyo - umgangatho woshishino lokuprinta iincwadi zaseYurophu. Kodwa iphepha le-offset lendalo, elinoburhabaxa obuphezulu kunye nokubamba i-inki ephantsi, beliya kufuna ukuba iipleyiti ze-duotone zilungiswe ukuze kufumaneke amachaphaza angama-18–22%, kwaye iipleyiti ezinemibala emine beziza kulahlekelwa neenkcukacha zomthunzi ezazifunwa ngumlawuli wemveliso womshicileli ngokukodwa. Enye indlela yayiyi-offset ene-90 gsm egqunywe nge-satin kunye nokukhanya kwe-ISO okungama-88–90%. Umphezulu ogqunywe nge-inki ubamba i-inki phezu kweshiti endaweni yokuyivumela ukuba ingene kwi-fiber, ngoko ke ukunyuka kwamachaphaza kwi-duotones kwehle kwaya kwi-12–15%, kwaye iinkcukacha zesithunzi kwiiplate ezine ezinemibala emine zahlala zinjalo kulo lonke uluhlu lwethoni. Ndicaphule i-offset ene-satin engaphezulu nge-12% ngetoni kune-offset yendalo. Umshicileli wayivuma - kungengenxa yokuba uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwalungenamda, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iinkcukacha zephepha zazinegalelo ngqo kwindawo yokubeka amaxabiso eencwadi. Incwadi yobugcisa ye-€65 inokwamkela ukunyuka kwexabiso lephepha elingenakukwazi inoveli ye-€25. Ndisoloko ndibhekisa kule meko xa ndithetha nabathengi baseYurophu malunga nathi.uluhlu olukhethekileyo lwephepha eligqunywe ngombala, kuba isifundo sidlulela ngaphaya kweencwadi zobugcisa. Naluphi na ushicilelo oludibanisa umbala ocacileyo ophezulu kunye nokufunda okude — iikhathalogu zegalari, ii-monographs zoyilo, ii-annuals zefoto — lujongene nengxabano efanayo yephepha. I-offset egqunywe nge-90–100 gsm iyayisombulula ngaphandle kokunyanzela iprinta ukuba isebenzise amaphepha amabini ahlukeneyo ngesiginitsha efanayo. Ndixelela abathengi bam ukuba ukuba bendicebisa umshicileli ovelisa nantoni na enomxholo opheleleyo we-60% kwisitokhwe esigqunywe nge-coated, bendiya kuqala kwi-88% ye-satin finish C2S kwaye ndilungise phezulu okanye ezantsi ukusuka apho ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo lweendaba. Elo cebiso linye lisindise ubuncinane abathengi abathathu eku-odoleni iphepha elijongeka lilungile kwincwadi yesampulu kodwa liprintwe kakubi kwiphephandaba.

Imeko Yesibini: Imagazini yeVeki yase-UK — Iphepha Elifakwe Iphepha Elingafakwanga kwiWebhu kwiikopi ezingama-50,000 kunye noxinzelelo lokuSebenza

Ukuveliswa kwemagazini veki nganye kwahlukile kupapasho lweencwadi, kwaye ndixelela wonke umthengi wemagazini oku kwangaphambili. Umshicileli usebenza kumatshini wokushicilela wewebhu osebenzisa iikopi ezingama-40,000–60,000 ngeyure, egoba ngaphakathi, kwaye iphepha kufuneka linyamezele uxinzelelo loomatshini lwebhodi yangaphambili, ii-nip rollers, kunye ne-chopper fold ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okanye ukukrazuka. Ndibone iphepha elibukeka lihle kwincwadi yesampulu libangela ii-web breaks ezintathu ngeshifti nganye, kwaye ndibukele umphathi wegumbi lokushicilela elilahla ngoko nangoko nokuba ixabiso liphantsi kangakanani na. Xa iqela lokushicilela lase-UK landicela ukuba ndicaphule imagazini yabo yendlela yokuphila ephuma kabini ngenyanga - amaphepha ali-104, iikopi ezingama-50,000 ngoshicilelo ngalunye, i-heatset web offset eprintiweyo kwiphepha le-offset elinomfanekiso we-72 gsm - umlawuli wokuthenga wayeneenkcukacha ezintathu ezibalulekileyo kunexabiso. Okokuqala, amandla okutsalwa kwephepha kwicala lomatshini: kwiphepha le-72 gsm elisebenza kwi-45,000 rpm kwiManroland Lithoman, bendifuna ukutsalwa kwe-MD okuncinci kwe-45 N·m/g ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwewebhu ebhodini yangaphambili. Okwesibini, umxholo womswakama uyafana kwireyile: ukuba ukufuma kwahluka ngaphezulu kwe-0.5% kububanzi bewebhu, irejista iya kudlula phakathi kweeyunithi zokuprinta zokuqala nezokugqibela, kwaye imifanekiso enemibala emine ekwikhava engaphambili engaphakathi iya kubonisa ukubhaliswa okungafanelekanga okuza kubonwa ngumfundi. Okwesithathu, uburhabaxa beParker Print-Surf (PPS): kwiphepha eligqunywe nge-offset kwiwebhu ye-heatset, ndicebisa i-PPS ye-1.2–1.6 µm (umyinge wamanqaku ali-10). Ngaphantsi kwe-1.0 µm iphepha liba bhetyebhetye kakhulu kwaye ukomisa i-inki efakwe kwishiti kuba yingxaki; ngaphezulu kwe-2.0 µm ukuqaqamba kwamachaphaza e-halftone kwehla ngokubonakalayo kwisikrini se-150-line.Ibhodi yobugcisa egqunywe nge-C2S enekhabhoni ephantsi, eyenziwe kuluhlu oluqala kwi-72 gsm ukuya kwi-400 gsm, iyahlangabezana nale migaqo ngokusebenzisa ukutsalwa kwe-machine-direction tensile elawulwayo kwinkqubo yokwenza iphepha. Ndithumele ingxelo yovavanyo lwe-mill ebonisa ukutsalwa kwe-MD okuphakathi kwe-47 N·m/g kunye notshintsho oluya kwicala elingaphantsi kwe-3% - zombini ngaphakathi kokunyamezelana okuchazwe yiprinta. Ukuveliswa kokuqala kweetoni ezingama-28 ezithunyelwe ukusuka eNingbo ukuya eFelixstowe ngexesha lokukhokela leentsuku ezingama-35, kwaye iprinta ibike ukuba akukho kuqhawuka kwewebhu kulo lonke ixesha lokuprinta eliyikopi ezingama-50,000. Elo nqanaba lokusebenza yindlela endigcina ngayo iiakhawunti zemagazini, kwaye yingakho ndihlala ndixelela abathengi abatsha baseYurophu ukuba bacele iireyile zovavanyo ngaphambi kokuba bazibophelele kwiiodolo zevolumu.Ibhodi yephepha yobugcisa be-C2S ephezuluUluhlu lubonelela ngomlinganiselo owahlukileyo wokuqina-ubunzima ohambelana nezigqubuthelo zemagazini kunye nezifakelo zamakhadi.

Imeko Yesithathu: Incwadana YesiFulentshi EyiPremium — Ukufanisa Ibhodi Yesigqubuthelo Nesitokhwe Sombhalo Ukuze Ugqibezele Ukuhambelana

Imeko yesithathu endidibana nayo rhoqo yincwadana yeprimiyamu okanye ingxelo yonyaka apho ikhava kunye namaphepha ombhalo aprintwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kodwa kufuneka enze imisebenzi efanayo yokugqiba - ukugoba, ukukrazula, ukubopha, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukunyathela ifoyile okanye ukugquma i-UV. Iprinta yokupakisha yodidi yaseFransi yandibonisa isampulu yencwadana apho ikhava yebhodi ye-C1S yayihlukanisiwe kwi-spine crease emva kokunyathela ifoyile, kuba ubunzima bokugquma kwicala elingasemva babunganelanga ukusingatha uxinzelelo loomatshini lwe-heated foil die. Ikhava yayiyibhodi ye-350 gsm C1S, kwaye umbhalo wawuyi-150 gsm C2S coated offset. Ukungafani kwakungangqinelani kodwa kwakukwisakhiwo sokugquma. Xa iprinta efanayo yeza kum ukuze ifumane inkcazelo yokutshintsha, ndahamba ngeemfuno zokugqiba inyathelo ngenyathelo. Ngokunyathela ifoyile kwikhava, ndicebise ibhodi yobugcisa ye-300 gsm C2S enobuncinci be-20 gsm coating kwicala ngalinye - ukubamba okwaneleyo kokufaka ifoyile enesitampu esishushu ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa. Kwiphepha lesicatshulwa — amaphepha angama-24 emifanekiso yemveliso enemibala emine kunye ne-UV ecacileyo kwimifanekiso ekhethiweyo — ndicebise i-offset ye-130 gsm C2S egqunywe nge-gloss finish kunye ne-Bekk smoothness yemizuzwana engama-800–1,200. Ndicacisile ukuba i-gloss finish kumaphepha esicatshulwa iya kuthwala i-UV ecacileyo ngaphandle kwamabala, kwaye ulwakhiwo lwe-C2S luthetha ukuba omabini amacala anamandla afanayo omphezulu wokunamathela kwi-UV. Ndicacisile nokuba omabini amaphepha kufuneka abelane nge-pigment chemistry efanayo yokugquma — i-calcium carbonate ground ukuya kulwabiwo olufanayo lobukhulu bezinto ezincinci — ukuze i-UV varnish iphiliswe ngamandla afanayo kuzo zombini ii-substrates. Ndilandele iprinta emva kweeveki ezintathu emva kokuhanjiswa kwaye baqinisekisile ukuba bakhuphe iikopi ezili-15,000 ngaphandle kokugqitywa. Loo mpendulo yangena ngqo kumanqaku endiwacebisayo kubathengisi baseFransi naseBelgium kwixesha elizayo. Kule meko kulapho ndifumanisa ukuba abashicileli baseYurophu bayamxabisa umthengisi oqondayo imida yokugqiba, kungekhona nje iinkcukacha zephepha.ibhodi yobugcisa ekhethekileyoUluhlu luquka zombini iinketho ze-C1S kunye ne-C2S ezinobunzima bokugquma obulawulwayo, kwaye ndibonelela ngedatha yobunzima bokugquma kuyo yonke ikowuteshini ukuze abashicileli baqinisekise ukuhambelana kokugqiba ngaphambi koku-odola. Kubashicileli abahlola iindlela ezahlukeneyo zephepha kwipotifoliyo yabo yokuprinta, yethuudidi lwephepha elichaseneyo kunye nephepha lokukopaigubungela ezinye iindlela ezingagqunywanga kwiindawo ezinombhalo omninzi apho isitokhwe esigqunywe ngombala singongeza iindleko ezingeyomfuneko ngeyunithi nganye.

Kutheni iiNkampani zokuPapasha zaseYurophu zivela eTshayina

Ndihlala ndisiva umbuzo ovela kubathengi baseYurophu: kutheni ukungenisa iphepha elifakwe i-coated offset elivela eNingbo ngelixa iifektri zephepha eFinland, eJamani naseSweden zivelisa amanqanaba afakwe i-coated akumgangatho wehlabathi? Impendulo inamacandelo amathathu, kwaye ndinika ingcaciso efanayo ngalo lonke ixesha. Okokuqala, inzuzo yexabiso: i-90 gsm C2S coated offset evela kwifektri yaseTshayina, eziswe kwi-DDP kwiprinta eLeipzig okanye eMilan, ingaphantsi kwe-15-25% kwinqanaba elifanayo lefektri yaseYurophu, ngokwezibalo zeendleko zomhlaba endizinikayo kwisicatshulwa ngasinye. Umthwalo wolwandle ukusuka eNingbo ukuya eHamburg wongeza malunga ne-€80-120 ngetoni, kwaye irhafu yokungenisa ye-EU phantsi kwekhowudi ye-HS 4810.29 yi-6.5% ad valorem. Iifektri zaseTshayina zivelisa ixesha elide kakhulu - iitoni ezingama-50-100 nge-odolo nganye zisemgangathweni - okugcina iindleko zokuvelisa ngetoni nganye ziphantsi kuneefektri zaseYurophu ezisebenzisa iitoni ezili-10-20 kwibanga elifanayo. Ndibone abathengi bokushicilela baseYurophu betshintsha iphepha laseGerman-mill besiya kwinqanaba elifanayo kwaye bonge i-€80 ngetoni nganye ephepheni kuphela, nto leyo kwimagazini yenyanga eqhuba iitoni ezili-100 ngonyaka ithetha ukonga i-€8,000 ngonyaka - eyaneleyo ukuxhasa ukuphuculwa koshicilelo kwiminyaka emibini. Okwesibini, uluhlu lweenkcukacha. Abenzi bephepha baseTshayina basebenzisa i-offset enemibala eqaqambileyo ukusuka kwi-60 gsm ukuya kwi-400 gsm kumgca ofanayo wemveliso, benikezela zombini iifomathi ze-reel kunye nephepha. Kumshicileli olawula ipotifoliyo yoshicilelo equka imagazini enamaphepha angama-64 (i-offset enemibala eqingqiweyo engama-72 gsm, enemibala eqingqiweyo) kunye nengxelo yonyaka engama-240 ye-A4 (i-offset enemibala eqingqiweyo engama-150 gsm, enemibala eqingqiweyo kunye nekhava yebhodi engama-300 gsm), umthengisi omnye ogubungela uluhlu lonke lwegrammage unciphisa ubunzima bokuthenga ukusuka ekulawuleni ababoneleli abahlanu ukuya komnye. Okwesithathu, izinto ezivela eNingbo. Nditshilo amaxesha amaninzi ukuba indawo yethu - iikhilomitha ezingama-40 ukusuka kwizibuko lamanzi anzulu laseNingbo Beilun - yeyona nzuzo ibalulekileyo yokusebenza iBincheng enika abathengi baseYurophu. IBeilun lelona zibuko lixakekileyo kwihlabathi ngeetoni zemithwalo, kunye nokuhamba ngenqanawa rhoqo ngeveki ukuya eHamburg, eRotterdam, eAntwerp, naseFelixstowe. Isikhongozeli sephepha eligqunywe nge-offset elilayishwe kwindawo yethu yokugcina impahla ngoMvulo singafakwa enqanaweni ngoLwesihlanu size sifike kwizibuko laseYurophu kwiintsuku ezingama-28-32. Kumshicileli wase-UK okanye waseJamani osebenza kumhla omiselweyo wokuprinta, olu qikelelo lokuhamba luxabiseke ngakumbi kunesaphulelo setoni nganye seedola ezimbalwa.

Umsonto Oqhelekileyo: Ukusebenza Kokuprinta Ngaphambi Kwexabiso

Kuzo zonke iimeko ezintathu — incwadi yobugcisa, imagazini yeveki, kunye nencwadana yeprimiyamu — indlela endiyibonileyo iyafana: iinkampani zokushicilela zaseYurophu zenza ukhetho lwazo lwephepha eligutyungelweyo ngokweemfuno zokusebenza kokuprinta, emva koko zithetha ngexabiso ngaphakathi kweqela lababoneleli abafanelekileyo. Iphepha eliphumelela uvavanyo lokuprinta nge-90% yexabiso lomatshini waseYurophu lingcono ukuthenga kunephepha elidlula nge-70% kodwa libangela ukulibaziseka kokulungisa. NjengokoUmgangatho wokuprinta we-ISO 12647-2 gravure kunye ne-offsetyenza iipropati ezicacileyo nezihambelanayo zomphezulu wephepha — ukukhanya, ukungabonakali, ukukhanya, kunye nokugudama — zizinto ezifunekayo ukuze kuphinde kuvele umbala olinganisiweyo, kwaye umthengisi ongakwaziyo ukubhala ezi nkcukacha kwi-ISO tolerances akafanelekanga kwingxoxo yokukhangela nokuba ixabiso lithini. Abathengi bethu abaphindayo, kwiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi bekhonza abashicileli baseYurophu, ngabo bavavanye iphepha lethu kwiiprinta zabo, baqinisekisa ukuba liyasebenziseka, baze bakhe ingxoxo yamaxabiso phezu kokufaneleka kobugcisa okuqinisekisiweyo. Ukuba indlu yakho yokushicilela okanye iqela lemveliso yoshicilelo livavanya iphepha elikhethekileyo eligqunywe nge-offset kwimagazini ezayo, incwadi, okanye ikhathalogu, ndiyakwamkela ukubanxibelelana neqela lethu lokuthumela ngaphandleukuze ufumane iikowuteshini ezihambelana neenkcukacha kunye neereli zeesampuli. Ukuze ufumane uhlaziyo lwamva nje malunga noluhlu lwemveliso yethu kunye nolwazi lweshishini, ndwendwela i-iphepha leendaba lenkampani.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Luluphi uluhlu lwegrama lwephepha eligqunywe nge-offset eliqhele uku-odolwa ziinkampani zokupapasha zaseYurophu?

Iigrammage eziqhelekileyo zee-odolo zokushicilela zaseYurophu yi-72–90 gsm yombhalo wemagazini (i-web offset), i-90–130 gsm yombhalo wencwadi (i-sheet-fed offset), kunye ne-250–350 gsm yezigqubuthelo kunye nezifakelo (ibhodi yobugcisa ye-C1S okanye ye-C2S). I-Bincheng inika uluhlu olupheleleyo ukusuka kwi-60 gsm ukuya kwi-400 gsm.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwephepha eligqunywe yi-C1S kunye nephepha eligqunywe yi-C2S elisetyenziselwa ukupapasha?

I-C1S (egqunywe ngecala elinye) isetyenziselwa izigqubuthelo zeencwadi, ukupakisha, kunye nokusetyenziswa apho icala elingasemva liza kuncamathiselwa okanye lifakwe i-laminate. I-C2S (egqunywe ngamacala amabini) ngumgangatho wesicatshulwa semagazini, amaphepha eencwadana, kunye nangaphakathi kweencwadi apho omabini amacala ephethe umxholo oshicilelweyo kwaye kufuneka abonise i-inki gloss efanayo.

Iiprinta zaseYurophu ziqinisekisa njani umgangatho wephepha elifakwe i-offset eligqunywe nge-coated ngaphambi kokuba zi-odolwe?

Uninzi lwabaprinta baseYurophu bacela i-test reel okanye amaphepha esampuli baze bawasebenzise kwi-press yabo ukuqinisekisa amandla okutsalwa, iprofayili yokufuma, ukuthamba komphezulu (PPS okanye Bekk), kunye neempawu zokomisa i-inki. Ndicebisa ii-odolo zovavanyo zamaphepha angama-500–1,000 okanye i-partial reel ngaphambi kokuba bazinikele kwi-volume.

Lingakanani ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuthunyelwa kwephepha elifakwe i-offset lisuka eTshayina ukuya eYurophu?

Ixesha lokuhanjiswa kwemveliso liziintsuku zokusebenza ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-15 emva kokuqinisekiswa kweodolo, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle ukusuka eNingbo ukuya kwizibuko laseYurophu (eHamburg, eRotterdam, eFelixstowe) kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-28 ukuya kwezingama-35, kwaye ukuhanjiswa okupheleleyo kwindlu ngendlu phantsi kwemiqathango ye-DDP kususela kwiiveki ezi-6 ukuya kwezili-9 kuxhomekeke kwindawo oya kuyo.

Ngaba iphepha elifakwe i-offset eligqunywe nge-coated elenziwe eTshayina lifanelekile kulawulo lombala lwe-ISO 12647?

Ewe. Iphepha elifakwe i-offset elivela kwimigca yethu yemveliso lenziwe ngokwemigangatho yokuprinta ye-ISO 12647-2, kunye nokukhanya okulawulwayo (ISO 88–92%), i-opacity (93–96% ye-90 gsm), kunye neenkcukacha zobuthambile bomphezulu ezihambelana neemfuno zokulinganisa ucinezelo lwaseYurophu.

Ngaba iBincheng inika iphepha elifakwe i-offset eligqunywe ngee-reels kunye namaphepha?

Ewe. Sinikezela ngephepha le-offset eligqunywe nge-coated kwimo ye-reel yokuprinta i-web offset (ububanzi be-roll ukusuka kwi-787 mm ukuya kwi-1,092 mm) nakwimo yephepha le-offset efakwe i-sheet (ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo buquka i-70×100 cm, i-64×90 cm, kunye nobukhulu obulungiselelwe wena). Ii-sheet reels ziyafumaneka kubaguquli abafaka i-sheet yabo kwisitokhwe sabo.